Lai Zon W, Steer David L, Smith A Ian
Monash University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2009 Dec;11(6):623-31.
Advances in proteomics technologies, in particular the parallel development of highly sensitive mass spectrometers and accurate protein quantitation technologies, have allowed the detection and accurate measurement of low abundance proteins in bodily fluids and tissues. Furthermore, the application of these technologies in biomedical research has led to the identification of proteins and genes with expression patterns that change as a consequence of disease; detection and quantitation of these proteins and genes could provide valuable information for disease diagnosis and prognosis. For example, cell-surface protein expression can change in diseased cells. These proteins may then be secreted or shed from the cell surface; the levels of these proteins in blood or urine could provide valuable information for the diagnosis of disease and disease severity. The focus of this review is the methods by which proteomics-based technologies can be applied to characterize cell-surface proteins and to measure changes to expression levels in diseased states; the review also discusses the soluble counterparts of these surface proteins in the blood; these proteins could be important diagnostic and/or prognostic indicators of disease.
蛋白质组学技术的进步，特别是高灵敏度质谱仪和精确蛋白质定量技术的同步发展，使得人们能够检测和精确测量体液和组织中的低丰度蛋白质。此外，这些技术在生物医学研究中的应用已导致鉴定出其表达模式因疾病而改变的蛋白质和基因；对这些蛋白质和基因的检测和定量可为疾病诊断和预后提供有价值的信息。例如，细胞表面蛋白表达在病变细胞中会发生变化。这些蛋白质随后可能会从细胞表面分泌或脱落；血液或尿液中这些蛋白质的水平可为疾病诊断和疾病严重程度提供有价值的信息。本综述的重点是基于蛋白质组学的技术可用于表征细胞表面蛋白并测量疾病状态下表达水平变化的方法；该综述还讨论了血液中这些表面蛋白的可溶性对应物；这些蛋白质可能是重要的疾病诊断和/或预后指标。
