University of Central Lancashire, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
Dent Mater. 2010 Feb;26(2):e17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.154. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
Resin bonding can be compared to making a sandwich with the tooth on one side and the restoration on the other, a layer of bonding resin is applied to either side and a filled resin (composite) placed in between. This presentation considers factors that influence the restoration side of the sandwich and various ways that the assembled testpieces may be "aged" prior to testing. The materials to be bonded may be either ceramic, metal or composite formed by methods such as casting, pressing, sintering or machining. The fabrication method determines the susceptibility of the bonding surface to physical or chemical modification. The treatment of the surface prior to bonding can be physical (e.g. sandblasting) or chemical (e.g. metal primer); but is more likely to be a combination (e.g. silica deposition+silane).
Successful bonding depends on establishing a surface with a high population of unreacted vinyl groups (-CC) that can then be cross-polymerized to the resin in the bonding composite. The physical approach has involved etching or sandblasting the surfaces; but the ability to form a microretentive surface in this way depends on a heterogeneous surface. Noble metals and modern high strength ceramics have a more homogeneous surface and are not easily etched. To overcome this problem a number of ways to deposit a silica layer on the bonding surface have been developed: the Silicoater that involves baking on a silica layer, the Rocatec technique (CoJet) that involves air blasting silica onto the surface in conjunction with an abrasive; and two more modern approaches: sol-gel evaporation and molecular vapor deposition (MVD). All these techniques require the subsequent application of a silane layer to provide the -CC moieties. The use of primers without an intervening silica layer has been tested and found to be successful with some specialized bonding systems that contain agents such as methacryloyloxydecyldihydrogen-phosphate (MDP) (PanaviaEX). AGING OF TESTPIECES PRIOR TO BONDING: The most common type of aging is storage in water at temperatures from ambient to 100 degrees Celsius. This generally decreases bond strengths; but not to catastrophic values. A more exacting pre-test regime is thermal cycling. In some studies this caused a slightly greater reduction in bond strength than storage in water; but in other tests it resulted in total failure. As some testpieces have spontaneously debonded during thermal cycling, it seems sensible to include TC in any screening test of new materials. Mechanical cycling (fatigue) prior to testing has a very significant effect and the bond strength that can withstand 1,000,000 cycles can be one sixth of the bond strength in a simple monotonic test (tensile, shear or compression). Whereas simple monotonic tests provide a blunt instrument for eliminating poorly performing techniques their use for discriminating between established techniques is open to discussion.
树脂粘接可以比作用牙齿和修复体将三明治的两边连接起来，在两边各涂上一层粘接树脂，然后在中间放置填充树脂（复合材料）。本演讲考虑了影响三明治修复体侧的因素，以及在测试前各种组装试件“老化”的方法。要粘接的材料可以是陶瓷、金属或通过铸造、压制、烧结或机械加工等方法制成的复合材料。制造方法决定了粘接表面对物理或化学修饰的敏感性。在粘接之前，表面处理可以是物理的（例如喷砂）或化学的（例如金属底漆），但更可能是两者的结合（例如二氧化硅沉积+硅烷）。
成功的粘接取决于在表面上形成具有高未反应乙烯基（-CC）群体的表面，然后可以将其交联聚合到粘接复合材料中的树脂上。物理方法包括蚀刻或喷砂处理表面，但以这种方式形成微保持表面的能力取决于异质表面。贵金属和现代高强度陶瓷具有更均匀的表面，不易被蚀刻。为了克服这个问题，已经开发了许多在粘接表面上沉积二氧化硅层的方法：涉及烘焙二氧化硅层的 Silicoater、涉及喷砂二氧化硅与磨料结合到表面的 Rocatec 技术（CoJet）；以及两种更现代的方法：溶胶-凝胶蒸发和分子气相沉积（MVD）。所有这些技术都需要随后应用硅烷层以提供-CC 部分。已经测试了不使用中间二氧化硅层的底漆的使用，并发现对于一些含有例如甲丙烯酰氧基癸基二氢磷酸酯（MDP）（PanaviaEX）等试剂的特殊粘接系统是成功的。
最常见的老化类型是在环境温度至 100 摄氏度的水中储存。这通常会降低粘结强度，但不会降低到灾难性的水平。更严格的预测试方案是热循环。在一些研究中，这种方法导致粘结强度的降低略高于在水中储存；但在其他测试中，它导致了完全失效。由于一些试件在热循环过程中自发脱粘，因此在任何新材料的筛选测试中都包含 TC 似乎是明智的。在测试前进行机械循环（疲劳）会产生非常显著的影响，能够承受 100 万次循环的粘结强度可能是简单单调测试（拉伸、剪切或压缩）中粘结强度的六分之一。虽然简单的单调测试为淘汰性能不佳的技术提供了一个钝器，但它们用于区分已建立的技术仍存在争议。
