University of Milano Bicocca, Department of Environmental Sciences, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 Mar;73(3):213-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.12.007. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
Current methods for ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides on birds take into account pesticide properties and the bio-ecological characteristics of birds. However, there is a need to develop a spatially explicit method to refine the RA at different scales. A spatially explicit procedure has been developed to be applied at both field and sub-regional scales. An example of application on a pilot area characterised by intensive agriculture is provided. Focal species were selected as indicators of the different feeding habits and ecological role, considering the real presence in the area. Risk assessment and mapping were performed by integrating the existing toxicological data on birds from the literature with site-specific information providing maps for all pesticides used in the area. A software package was developed to automate the exposure assessment of pesticides on birds. A discussion on main critical issues related to actual risk assessment procedure is presented.
目前用于评估农药对鸟类的生态毒理学风险的方法考虑了农药性质和鸟类的生物生态特征。然而，需要开发一种空间显式方法来细化不同尺度的 RA。已经开发了一种空间显式程序，可应用于田间和次区域尺度。提供了在以集约化农业为特征的试验区域应用的示例。选择重点物种作为不同摄食习惯和生态作用的指标，同时考虑到它们在该地区的实际存在。通过整合文献中关于鸟类的现有毒理学数据和提供该地区所有使用农药的地图的特定地点信息，对风险评估和制图进行了处理。开发了一个软件包来自动评估鸟类接触农药的情况。提出了关于与实际风险评估程序相关的主要关键问题的讨论。
