The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Nov;66(11):1157-62. doi: 10.1002/ps.1994.
In 2008, major areas of discussion at the ICPBR Bee Protection Group meeting were the development of a honey bee risk assessment scheme for systemic pesticides and revision of the test guidelines for semi-field and field studies. The risk assessment scheme for systemic pesticides is based on analysis of conditions for exposure of bees to residues. These are based on a stepwise approach, starting with simple calculations based on existing data in dossiers and progressing to higher-tier semi-field and field studies (the guidelines for these have been modified in line with this). The proposed scheme has been tested with data packages of high- and low-risk PPPs. A future area of interest for the group may be the risks posed by guttation fluid containing systemic pesticides. A recent paper on 'Translocation of neonicotinoid insecticides from coated seeds to seedling guttation drops: a novel way of intoxication for bees' has focused significant interest on the possible risks posed by the presence of residues of systemic pesticides in guttation fluid to water-collecting honey bees. The occurrence of guttation and the presence of pesticide residues in the fluid are discussed, together with remaining questions that will need to be addressed in answering whether such a route of exposure may pose a risk to honey bees.
2008 年，国际蜜蜂保护委员会蜂群保护专家组会议的主要讨论领域是制定系统杀虫剂对蜜蜂风险评估方案以及修订半田间和田间研究的测试指南。系统杀虫剂风险评估方案是基于对蜜蜂接触残留的条件进行分析。这些条件基于逐步方法，从基于档案中现有数据的简单计算开始，逐步发展到更高层次的半田间和田间研究（这些指南已根据此进行了修改）。该方案已经使用高风险和低风险 PPP 的数据包进行了测试。该小组未来感兴趣的领域可能是含有系统杀虫剂的吐水液带来的风险。最近的一篇关于“从包衣种子到幼苗吐水液转移的新烟碱类杀虫剂：蜜蜂中毒的新途径”的论文引起了人们对吐水液中系统杀虫剂残留对采集水的蜜蜂可能造成的风险的极大关注。本文讨论了吐水的发生以及吐水液中农药残留的存在，并讨论了在回答这种接触途径是否可能对蜜蜂构成风险时需要解决的剩余问题。
