Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK 73125-5066, USA.
Forensic Sci Int. 2010 Apr 15;197(1-3):85-8. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.060. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) reported a 1.5-fold increase in the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of street cannabis seizures from 1997 to 2001 versus 2002 to 2006. This study was conducted to compare the changes, over those years, in blood and urine cannabinoid concentrations with the potency of THC reported in the cannabis plant. Cannabinoids were screened using radioimmunoassay (RIA) for blood and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for urine and confirmed using GC/MS. A total of 95 individuals were found to be using cannabis from a total number of 2769 (3.4%) individuals tested over the period 1997 through 2006. Other impairing drugs were found in 38% of the cannabinoids-positive individuals. The mean concentration of THC in blood for 1997-2001 was 2.7 ng/mL; for 2002-2006, it was 7.2 ng/mL, a 2.7-fold increase in the mean THC concentration of specimens from aviation fatalities, compared to a 1.5-fold increase in cannabis potency reported by the NIDA and ONDCP. The mean age for cannabis users was 40 years (range 18-72) for aviation fatalities. For all blood and urine specimens testing negative for cannabinoids from aviation fatalities, the mean age of the individuals was 50 years (range 14-92). More than half of the fatalities tested were 50 years or older, whereas, 80% of the positive cannabis users were under 50. As indicated by these findings, members of the transportation industry, government regulators, and the general public should be made aware of the increased potential for impairment from the use of high-potency cannabis currently available and being used.
国家药物滥用研究所（NIDA）和国家毒品控制政策办公室（ONDCP）报告称，1997 年至 2001 年街头大麻缉获物中 δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）的含量增加了 1.5 倍，而 2002 年至 2006 年则增加了 1.5 倍。这项研究旨在比较这些年来血液和尿液中大麻素浓度的变化与大麻植物中报告的 THC 效力的变化。使用放射免疫分析（RIA）检测血液中的大麻素，使用荧光偏振免疫分析（FPIA）检测尿液中的大麻素，并使用 GC/MS 进行确认。在 1997 年至 2006 年期间，共发现 95 名个体使用大麻，占接受检测的 2769 名个体的 3.4%。在大麻素阳性个体中，发现其他致幻药物的比例为 38%。1997-2001 年血液中 THC 的平均浓度为 2.7ng/ml；2002-2006 年，平均浓度为 7.2ng/ml，航空死亡事故中样本的 THC 平均浓度增加了 2.7 倍，而 NIDA 和 ONDCP 报告的大麻效力增加了 1.5 倍。航空死亡事故中使用大麻的平均年龄为 40 岁（18-72 岁）。对于所有血液和尿液样本中检测出大麻素呈阴性的航空死亡事故，个体的平均年龄为 50 岁（14-92 岁）。接受测试的死亡人数中，超过一半的人年龄在 50 岁或以上，而阳性大麻使用者中 80%的人年龄在 50 岁以下。这些发现表明，运输行业成员、政府监管机构和公众应该意识到，目前可获得和正在使用的高效力大麻的使用可能会增加损害的风险。
