University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
J Pers. 2009 Jun;77(3):669-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00561.x. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
This study explored pre-bereavement personality traits and gender as predictors of post-widowhood mortality risk, using newly derived life span data for participants originally recruited for Lewis Terman's classic study of the gifted. Personality traits measured in 1940 were used to predict mortality risk from 1940 through 2004 for married participants who were either widowed between 1940 and 1986 or who remained married. Results indicated that widowhood predicted a decrease in mortality risk for these (intelligent) individuals (relative hazard [rh]=0.68, N=843, p<.001) and neuroticism significantly moderated this effect. Specifically, neuroticism in young adulthood was significantly associated with decreased mortality risk among men who were later widowed (rh=0.50, N=66, p<.02) but not among women or consistently married men. Conclusions reveal the importance of personality-situation interactions and the adoption of a long-term perspective.
本研究使用刘易斯·特曼（Lewis Terman）经典的天才研究中最初招募的参与者的新获得的寿命数据，探讨了丧亲前的个性特征和性别作为寡居后死亡率风险的预测因素。1940 年测量的个性特征用于预测 1940 年至 2004 年期间已婚参与者的死亡率风险，这些参与者在 1940 年至 1986 年期间丧偶或一直已婚。结果表明，寡居对这些（聪明的）个体的死亡率风险降低具有预测作用（相对危险度[rh] = 0.68，N = 843，p<.001），神经质显著调节了这种作用。具体而言，青年时期的神经质与后来丧偶的男性（rh = 0.50，N = 66，p<.02）而不是女性或一直已婚的男性的死亡率风险降低显著相关。结论揭示了人格-情境相互作用和采用长期视角的重要性。
