Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
Mycoses. 2010 Jan;53(1):1-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01813.x.
Candida and Aspergillus species are the most common causes of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. The introduction of new antifungal agents and recent reports of resistance emerging during treatment have highlighted the need for in vitro susceptibility testing. For some drugs, there is a supporting in vitro-in vivo correlation available from studies of clinical efficacy. Both intrinsic and emergent antifungal drug resistance are encountered. Various testing procedures have been proposed, including macrodilution and microdilution, agar diffusion, disk diffusion and Etest. Early recognition of infections caused by pathogens that are resistant to one or more antifungals is highly warranted to optimise treatment and patient outcome.
念珠菌属和曲霉菌属是免疫功能低下患者侵袭性真菌感染的最常见原因。新型抗真菌药物的出现以及治疗过程中出现的耐药性报告突显了体外药敏试验的必要性。对于某些药物，从临床疗效研究中可以获得支持体外-体内相关性的证据。既存在固有耐药性，也存在获得性耐药性。已经提出了各种检测程序，包括大稀释法和微稀释法、琼脂扩散法、纸片扩散法和 E 试验。早期识别对一种或多种抗真菌药物耐药的病原体引起的感染，对于优化治疗和患者预后非常重要。
