Macías Sánchez Karla Lizbeth, González Martínez Hiram Deusdedut Rashid, Carrera Cerritos Raúl, Martínez Espinosa Juan Carlos
Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana No. 200, Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Apr 4;13(7):1274. doi: 10.3390/nano13071274.
The application of nanomaterials in the agri-food industry can lead us to the formulation of new sustainable and effective pesticides for the control of fungi such as f. sp. (Fol). This is a fungal plant pathogen for the tomato plant. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by a green methodology from leaf extract as a reducing agent. The poisoned food technique was used to determine the percentage of inhibition of Fol mycelial growth by the action of AgNPs. They were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL JEM-2100, Tokyo, Japan) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS, DU 730 Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Five different concentrations of AgNPs (10, 20, 40, 75, and 150 mg/L) were evaluated in vitro in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as the behavior of their antifungal activity in tomato fruit. Nanoparticles with spherical morphology and average diameters of 38.5 ± 18.5 nm were obtained. The maximum percentage of inhibition on the mycelial growth of Fol was 94.6 ± 0.1%, which was obtained using the AgNPs concentration of 150 mg/L and it was determined that the MIC corresponds to 75 mg/L. On the other hand, in a qualitative way, it was possible to observe an external inhibitory effect in the tomato fruit from the concentration of 10 mg/L. Finally, we can conclude that AgNPs are a viable alternative for alternative formulations applied in the agri-food industry as pesticide solutions.
纳米材料在农业食品工业中的应用能够引领我们研发出新型可持续且有效的农药，用于防治诸如番茄叶霉菌（F. sp. (Fol)）等真菌。番茄叶霉菌是番茄植株的一种真菌病原体。在这项研究中，以树叶提取物作为还原剂，通过绿色方法合成了银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）。采用毒饵法来测定AgNPs对番茄叶霉菌丝体生长的抑制率。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM，日本东京JEOL JEM - 2100）和紫外可见光谱（UV - VIS，美国加利福尼亚州布雷亚Beckman Coulter DU 730）对其进行表征。为了确定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）以及它们在番茄果实中的抗真菌活性表现，对五种不同浓度的AgNPs（10、20、40、75和150 mg/L）进行了体外评估。获得了呈球形形态且平均直径为38.5 ± 18.5 nm的纳米颗粒。对番茄叶霉菌丝体生长的最大抑制率为94.6 ± 0.1%，这是使用150 mg/L的AgNPs浓度获得的，并且确定MIC为75 mg/L。另一方面，定性观察发现，从10 mg/L的浓度起，在番茄果实中就可以观察到外部抑制作用。最后，我们可以得出结论，AgNPs作为农药溶液应用于农业食品工业的替代配方是一种可行的选择。
