Ippolito G, Costa F, Stegagno M, Angeloni P, Angeloni U, Guzzanti E
AIDS Unit L. Spallanzani Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1991;4(4):402-7.
In Italy, drug abusers are the major risk category for HIV infection, representing 67% of all the reported cases of AIDS. This can in part explain the higher incidence of the infection observed in Italian females (17.7%) in comparison with the data reported in Europe (11.5%) or in the U.S. (8.5%). Therefore, anti-HIV screening in newborns reflects the serologic pattern of the respective mothers and can provide a useful tool in evaluating the incidence of the infection in a relatively unselected population. Furthermore, the data collected can provide a good predictive parameter for the rate at which pediatric AIDS will develop. Blood samples were collected on filter paper for routine screenings from 39,102 consecutive newborns in 92 hospital nurseries, from eight different Italian regions, during the period June 1988-April 1989. Blood-saturated disks were screened for anti-HIV antibodies (HIV Ab) using an ELISA; positive results were confirmed using a Western blot. Among the 39,102 blood samples tested, 51 (0.00130, 95% confidence intervals, Poisson distribution of 0.00097-0.00171) were found to be positive for HIV Ab. The distribution pattern of the positive samples among the different regions correlates to the cumulative AIDS incidence rate, with a higher prevalence in urban and industrialized areas.
在意大利，药物滥用者是感染艾滋病毒的主要风险群体，占所有报告艾滋病病例的67%。这在一定程度上可以解释为何意大利女性的感染率（17.7%）高于欧洲（11.5%）或美国（8.5%）报告的数据。因此，新生儿的抗艾滋病毒筛查反映了各自母亲的血清学模式，并且可以为评估相对未经过筛选的人群中的感染发生率提供有用的工具。此外，收集到的数据可以为儿童艾滋病的发病速率提供一个良好的预测参数。在1988年6月至1989年4月期间，从意大利八个不同地区的92家医院托儿所连续采集了39102名新生儿的滤纸血样用于常规筛查。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对血样饱和滤纸片进行抗艾滋病毒抗体（HIV Ab）筛查；阳性结果用蛋白质印迹法进行确认。在检测的39102份血样中，发现51份（0.00130，95%置信区间，泊松分布为0.00097 - 0.00171）HIV Ab呈阳性。不同地区阳性样本的分布模式与艾滋病累计发病率相关，城市和工业化地区的患病率更高。
