INRA, UMR1079 Systèmes d'Elevage Nutrition Animale et Humaine, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
J Anim Sci. 2010 May;88(5):1626-41. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2542. Epub 2010 Jan 15.
The possibility that maternal diets during gestation could affect growth and tissue development of offspring and program their later phenotype is an emerging challenge in pig production. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of contrasted protein levels in diets of pregnant sows on the proteomic features of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of the offspring at birth and its possible persistence later in age. Sows were fed control (Con), low (LP), or high protein (HP) diets throughout gestation. A subset of piglets was killed at 1 d of age for SCAT sampling. The remaining piglets were cross-fostered to nonexperimental sows during lactation. They were fed standard diets during postweaning and fattening periods until 186 d of age. Modifications in SCAT protein abundance shortly after birth were investigated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. A total of 65 spots were found differentially expressed (P <or= 0.10) in SCAT of 1-d-old experimental piglets vs. Con piglets. Proteins with a greater abundance in LP piglets compared with Con piglets were involved in pathways related to glucose and fatty acid metabolisms, lipid transport, and regulation of apoptosis. Upregulation of 5 proteins representative of these biological pathways in LP group vs. Con group were further validated (P < 0.05) by Western blot analyses. Furthermore, the specific activity of the key lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase was found greater (P = 0.06) in SCAT of 1-d-old LP piglets than in Con piglets. The main changes evidenced in SCAT of HP piglets compared with Con animals at 1 d of age rather concerned proteins putatively involved in AA metabolism or in protein turnover. Adipose tissue contents in some proteins that had displayed a greater (P <or= 0.10) abundance in experimental pigs compared with Con at d 1 (e.g., transaldolase, annexin II, and apolipoprotein A4) were, however, similar (P > 0.10) in the 3 groups at d 186 of age. Enolase 1 has less abundance (P < 0.05) in LP pigs compared with Con pigs at this stage. In conclusion, the proteomics tool has allowed the identification of early changes in various molecular pathways of SCAT in response to the levels of maternal protein supply during gestation.
在妊娠期间母体饮食可能会影响后代的生长和组织发育，并为其后期表型编程，这是当前养猪生产中的一个新兴挑战。本研究的目的是研究妊娠母猪饮食中不同蛋白质水平对初生仔猪皮下脂肪组织 (SCAT) 蛋白质组特征的影响，以及这些特征在后期年龄的可能持续性。母猪在整个妊娠期内分别饲喂对照 (Con)、低蛋白 (LP) 或高蛋白 (HP) 饮食。一部分仔猪在 1 日龄时处死用于采集 SCAT 样本。其余仔猪在哺乳期被交叉寄养给非实验母猪。它们在断奶和育肥期间被饲喂标准日粮，直到 186 日龄。通过二维凝胶电泳结合质谱法研究了初生仔猪 SCAT 中出生后不久的蛋白质丰度变化。在实验仔猪与 Con 仔猪的 1 日龄 SCAT 中发现了 65 个差异表达的斑点 (P<or=0.10)。与 Con 仔猪相比，LP 仔猪中丰度较高的蛋白质参与了葡萄糖和脂肪酸代谢、脂质转运以及细胞凋亡调节等途径。通过 Western blot 分析进一步验证了 LP 组与 Con 组相比，5 种具有代表性的生物途径蛋白表达上调 (P<0.05)。此外，在 LP 仔猪的 SCAT 中发现脂肪酸合成酶这种关键的脂肪生成酶的比活性大于 Con 仔猪 (P=0.06)。与 Con 仔猪相比，在 HP 仔猪的 SCAT 中在 1 日龄时表现出更大变化的主要是那些可能参与 AA 代谢或蛋白质周转的蛋白质。然而，在 186 日龄时，在实验猪中与 Con 相比具有更高丰度的某些蛋白质的脂肪组织含量 (例如，转醛醇酶、膜联蛋白 II 和载脂蛋白 A4) 在 3 组中相似 (P>0.10)。烯醇酶 1 在 LP 仔猪中的丰度低于 Con 仔猪 (P<0.05)。总之，蛋白质组学工具允许识别妊娠期间母体蛋白质供应水平对 SCAT 中各种分子途径的早期变化。
