Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Jan 15;35(2):E35-42. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b21885.
An in vitro study on human and porcine multilevel spinal segments.
To compare human and porcine thoracolumbar spinal segments with respect to their biomechanical characteristics and the effects of creep, recovery, and removal of ligaments and posterior parts on the biomechanical characteristics.
Availability of human cadaver spines for in vitro testing of new spinal implants and surgical procedures is limited. Therefore, it is important to search for animal models with representative biomechanical characteristics.
A total of 6 human and 6 porcine cadaver spines were dissected in multilevel spinal segments. Pure moments were applied to each segment in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Creep tests were performed for 30 minutes in 4 creep directions, followed by cyclic tests, a recovery period of 30 minutes, and a series of cyclic tests after removal of ligaments and posterior parts. The range of motion, neutral zone (NZ), and neutral zone stiffness (NZStiff) were calculated from the acquired load-displacement data and results were compared between human and porcine segments.
The porcine segments generally had significantly higher absolute values for range of motion and NZ and significantly lower absolute values for NZStiff than the human segments in all directions. The effects of creep and recovery were quite similar in the higher and midthoracic regions of the spine. The influence of removal of ligaments was the same in human and porcine segments. After removal of posterior parts, the lower thoracic porcine spine behaved quite similar to the lumbar human spine.
This study showed that the porcine spine can be a good biomechanical model for the human spine in specific situations. The question if the porcine spine can be used to predict the behavior of a human spine depends mainly on the application and the research question.
人体和猪胸腰椎多节段的体外研究。
比较人体和猪胸腰椎节段的生物力学特性，以及在生物力学特性方面，韧带和后部切除对蠕变、恢复和去除的影响。
新的脊柱植入物和手术的体外测试，可利用的人体尸体脊柱有限。因此，寻找具有代表性的生物力学特性的动物模型非常重要。
共解剖了 6 个人类和 6 个猪尸体脊柱多节段。每个节段在屈伸、侧屈和轴向旋转方向施加纯力矩。在 4 个蠕变方向进行 30 分钟的蠕变试验，然后进行循环试验、30 分钟恢复期，以及去除韧带和后部后进行一系列循环试验。从中获得的负载-位移数据计算运动范围、中立区（NZ）和中立区刚度（NZStiff），并比较人体和猪节段的结果。
在所有方向上，猪节段的运动范围和 NZ 的绝对值明显高于人体节段，而 NZStiff 的绝对值明显低于人体节段。在脊柱的较高和中胸段，蠕变和恢复的影响非常相似。韧带切除的影响在人体和猪节段是相同的。去除后部后，下胸段猪脊柱的行为与人类腰椎脊柱非常相似。
本研究表明，在特定情况下，猪脊柱可以作为人体脊柱的良好生物力学模型。猪脊柱是否可以用于预测人体脊柱的行为，主要取决于应用和研究问题。
