Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Feb;98(2):281-300. doi: 10.1037/a0017908.
This article tests a new model for predicting which aspects of personality are best judged by the self and which are best judged by others. Previous research suggests an asymmetry in the accuracy of personality judgments: Some aspects of personality are known better to the self than others and vice versa. According to the self-other knowledge asymmetry (SOKA) model presented here, the self should be more accurate than others for traits low in observability (e.g., neuroticism), whereas others should be more accurate than the self for traits high in evaluativeness (e.g., intellect). In the present study, 165 participants provided self-ratings and were rated by 4 friends and up to 4 strangers in a round-robin design. Participants then completed a battery of behavioral tests from which criterion measures were derived. Consistent with SOKA model predictions, the self was the best judge of neuroticism-related traits, friends were the best judges of intellect-related traits, and people of all perspectives were equally good at judging extraversion-related traits. The theoretical and practical value of articulating this asymmetry is discussed.
这篇文章测试了一种新的模型，用于预测人格的哪些方面可以由自我最佳判断，哪些方面可以由他人最佳判断。先前的研究表明，人格判断的准确性存在不对称性：人格的某些方面自我比他人了解得更好，反之亦然。根据这里提出的自我-他人知识不对称（SOKA）模型，对于可观察性较低的特征（例如神经质），自我应该比他人更准确，而对于评价性较高的特征（例如智力），他人应该比自我更准确。在本研究中，165 名参与者提供了自我评估，并由 4 名朋友和最多 4 名陌生人在轮询设计中进行了评估。参与者随后完成了一系列行为测试，从中得出了标准衡量标准。与 SOKA 模型的预测一致，自我是神经质相关特征的最佳判断者，朋友是智力相关特征的最佳判断者，而所有人对外向相关特征的判断都一样好。讨论了阐明这种不对称性的理论和实际价值。
