Organizational Behavior, Olin School of Business, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Feb;98(2):301-18. doi: 10.1037/a0017766.
The authors address the decades-old mystery of the association between individual differences in the expression and perception of nonverbal cues of affect. Prior theories predicted positive, negative, and zero correlations in performance-given empirical results ranging from r = -.80 to r = +.64. A meta-analysis of 40 effects showed a positive correlation for nonverbal behaviors elicited as intentional communication displays but zero for spontaneous, naturalistic, or a combination of display types. There was greater variation in the results of studies having round robin designs and analyzed with statistics that do not account for the interdependence of data. The authors discuss implications for theorists to distinguish emotional skills in terms of what people are capable of doing versus what people actually do.
作者探讨了一个存在数十年的谜团，即个体在表达和感知非言语情感线索方面的差异之间的关联。先前的理论预测，在从 r = -.80 到 r = +.64 的表现范围内，存在正相关、负相关和零相关。对 40 个效应的元分析表明，对于作为有意交流展示的非言语行为存在正相关，但对于自发的、自然的或展示类型的组合则为零相关。在具有轮盘设计且使用不考虑数据相互依存性的统计方法进行分析的研究中，结果的差异更大。作者讨论了这对理论家的意义，即根据人们能够做什么与实际做什么来区分情感技能。
