Dept. of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
J Affect Disord. 2010 Sep;125(1-3):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.023. Epub 2010 Jan 20.
Recurrent brief depression (RBD) is a mood disorder characterized by mild to severe depressive episodes lasting less than 2 weeks and occurring approximately once a month with complete recovery between episodes. The aim of this study was to describe neuropsychological impairments associated with RBD, relating cognitive performance to clinical features and comorbidity.
Forty-six ICD-10 defined RBD patients (mean age 33.8) and 24 matched controls were assessed on working memory/attention tasks, executive functions, verbal/visual memory, and psychomotor speed.
Patients were significantly impaired across all domains of cognition except for verbal learning and non-semantic verbal fluency. Neuropsychological performance was not related to depression severity, duration of depressive episodes, interval duration, psychiatric or somatic comorbidity, or attributable to a general reduction in processing speed or effort. Patients reporting previous major depressive episodes were impaired on one measure of psychomotor speed. Previous episodes of hypomania were not related to neuropsychological performance.
The relatively high number of self-referrals, high female-to-male ratio in the patient sample, and the relatively high level of education and intellectual capacity among participants may limit the possibility to generalize our results to the RBD population in general.
Unmedicated RBD patients demonstrate significant neuropsychological impairment that also may persist into euthymic states. Examining cognitive functions might be equally important in RBD as in major depression with consequences for functional diagnostics and treatment strategies.
复发性短暂抑郁（RBD）是一种心境障碍，其特征为轻度至重度抑郁发作，持续时间少于 2 周，每月发作约一次，发作之间完全恢复。本研究的目的是描述与 RBD 相关的神经认知损伤，将认知表现与临床特征和共病联系起来。
对 46 名符合 ICD-10 定义的 RBD 患者（平均年龄 33.8 岁）和 24 名匹配的对照者进行了工作记忆/注意力任务、执行功能、言语/视觉记忆和运动速度的评估。
患者在所有认知领域均显著受损，除言语学习和非语义言语流畅性外。神经认知表现与抑郁严重程度、抑郁发作持续时间、间隔时间、精神或躯体共病无关，也与处理速度或努力的普遍降低无关。报告有既往重性抑郁发作的患者在一项运动速度测量中受损。既往轻躁狂发作与神经认知表现无关。
患者样本中自我报告的比例相对较高，女性与男性的比例较高，参与者的受教育程度和智力水平相对较高，这可能限制了我们的研究结果在一般 RBD 人群中的推广。
未经治疗的 RBD 患者表现出明显的神经认知损伤，甚至可能在缓解期持续存在。在 RBD 中，检查认知功能可能与在重性抑郁症中同样重要，这对功能诊断和治疗策略有影响。
