[Pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain].

Neuropathic pain (NP), in view of its non-nociceptive component, is not caused by physiological lesions but by problems in the nervous system itself, whether in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). This particular action mechanism makes NP a very difficult-to-treat condition, resistant to most of the commonly used analgesic drugs. A recent study stated that NP has an incidence of 1.24% over the general population, and this percentage increases if we consider acute radiculopathies and some recurrent neuropathies, frequently considered not only neuropathic pain but also nociceptive. Thus, the improvement of NP treatment has become a public health necessity. While WHO recommendations include a three-lined scale in pain treatment -including NSAIDs as the first-line drugs, soft opioids (tramadol or codein) as the second-line, and strong opioids (morphine, oxycodone, and phentanyl) as the third-line- some studies have found this rationale not useful in NP treatment. Based on several studies as STEP, Spanish Pain Society recommendations included antidepressant and anticonvulsant drugs as the first line treatment. Pregabalin, a new neuromodulators class drug, provides a pharmacokinetic profile than its predecessors (phenytoin, carbamazepine, gabapentin, topiramate, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine), and showed effectiveness controlling peripheral neuropathic pain. Thus, pregabalin opened the door to a new approach to NP. Other pain societies, such as the Canada Pain Society, have also included pregabalin in the first line treatment of NP. In fact, gabapentin and pregabalin are the current standard care in most of NP-associated diseases.