Pak C Y
Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.
Am J Kidney Dis. 1991 Apr;17(4):420-5. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80635-4.
Citrate is pathogenetically important in stone formation, because it retards the crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts and because its level in urine is low in many patients with nephrolithiasis. Potassium citrate is useful therapeutically, because it can often restore normal urinary citrate. Hypocitraturia often results from dietary aberrations, including sodium excess, and exaggerated intake of animal proteins. Hypocitraturia is frequently accompanied by a low net gastrointestinal absorption of alkali. New drugs are under development as improvements or refinements of currently available potassium citrate. They are potassium citrate 10-mEq-tablet preparation, effervescent calcium citrate, and potassium-magnesium citrate.
枸橼酸盐在结石形成的发病机制中具有重要意义，因为它能延缓结石形成性钙盐的结晶，且许多肾结石患者尿液中枸橼酸盐水平较低。枸橼酸钾具有治疗作用，因为它通常能恢复正常的尿枸橼酸盐水平。低枸橼酸尿症常由饮食异常导致，包括钠摄入过多以及动物蛋白摄入过量。低枸橼酸尿症常伴有胃肠道碱净吸收量低的情况。目前正在研发新型药物，作为对现有枸橼酸钾的改进或优化。它们是10毫当量枸橼酸钾片剂制剂、泡腾性枸橼酸钙和枸橼酸钾镁。
