GRC n°20, Groupe de Recherche Clinique sur la Lithiase Urinaire, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, F-75020 Paris, France.
Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
Nutrients. 2021 Nov 17;13(11):4117. doi: 10.3390/nu13114117.
To explore the relationship between citrus fruit juices (oranges, grapefruits, and lemonades) and kidney stone disease (KSD).
A systematic review was performed using the Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus databases, in concordance with the PRISMA checklist for all English, French, and Spanish language studies regarding the consumption of citrus fruit juices and the relationship to urinary stone disease. The main outcome of interest was the association of citrus fruit juices with KSD.
Thirteen articles met the criteria for inclusion in the final review. Three large epidemiological studies found that grapefruit juice was a risk factor for stone formation, while orange juice did not increase the risk for KSD. Ten small prospective clinical studies found that orange, grapefruit, and lemon juices all increased urinary citrate levels. Only orange and grapefruit juices had an alkalinizing effect and while lemon juice has a protective effect by raising urinary citrate levels, it lacked a significant alkalinizing effect on urine pH. Orange juice and grapefruit juices significantly increased urinary oxalate levels, while orange juice also had a high carbohydrate content.
While orange juice seems to play a protective role against stone formation, grapefruit was found to raise the risk of KSD in epidemiological studies but had a protective role in smaller clinical studies. Lemon juice had a smaller protective role than orange juice. Larger amounts of, as well as more accurate, data is needed before recommendations can be made and a high carbohydrate content in these juices needs to be taken into consideration.
探索柑橘类果汁（橙汁、葡萄柚汁和柠檬水）与肾结石病（KSD）之间的关系。
使用 Medline、EMBASE 和 Scopus 数据库进行系统评价，符合 PRISMA 清单，纳入所有关于柑橘类果汁消费与尿路结石病关系的英文、法文和西班牙文研究。主要观察结果是柑橘类果汁与 KSD 的关系。
13 篇文章符合最终综述的纳入标准。3 项大型流行病学研究发现，葡萄柚汁是结石形成的危险因素，而橙汁不会增加 KSD 的风险。10 项小型前瞻性临床研究发现，橙汁、葡萄柚汁和柠檬汁均可增加尿枸橼酸盐水平。只有橙汁和葡萄柚汁具有碱化作用，而柠檬汁通过提高尿枸橼酸盐水平具有保护作用，但对尿 pH 值没有显著的碱化作用。橙汁和葡萄柚汁显著增加尿草酸盐水平，而橙汁还含有较高的碳水化合物含量。
虽然橙汁似乎对结石形成具有保护作用，但流行病学研究发现葡萄柚会增加 KSD 的风险，而较小的临床研究则表明其具有保护作用。柠檬汁的保护作用小于橙汁。在提出建议之前，需要更多、更准确的数据，并且需要考虑到这些果汁中含有大量的碳水化合物。
