Knapik J J, Bauman C L, Jones B H, Harris J M, Vaughan L
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760-5007.
Am J Sports Med. 1991 Jan-Feb;19(1):76-81. doi: 10.1177/036354659101900113.
One hundred thirty-eight female collegiate athletes, participating in eight weightbearing varsity sports, were administered preseason strength and flexibility tests and followed for injuries during their sports seasons. Strength was measured as the maximal isokinetic torque of the right and left knee flexors and knee extensors at 30 and 180 deg/sec. Flexibility was measured as the active range of motion of several lower body joints. An athletic trainer evaluated and recorded injuries occurring to the athletes in practice or competition. Forty percent of the women suffered one or more injuries. Athletes experienced more lower extremity injuries if they had: 1) a right knee flexor 15% stronger than the left knee flexor at 180 deg/sec; 2) a right hip extensor 15% more flexible than the left hip extensor; 3) a knee flexor/knee extensor ratio of less than 0.75 at 180 deg/sec. There was a trend for higher injury rates to be associated with knee flexor or hip extensor imbalances of 15% or more on either side of the body. These data demonstrate that specific strength and flexibility imbalances are associated with lower extremity injuries in female collegiate athletes.
138名参加八项负重大学体育项目的女大学生运动员在赛季前接受了力量和柔韧性测试，并在赛季期间跟踪其受伤情况。力量通过测量左右膝屈肌和膝伸肌在30度/秒和180度/秒时的最大等速扭矩来衡量。柔韧性通过几个下肢关节的主动活动范围来测量。一名运动训练师评估并记录运动员在训练或比赛中发生的损伤。40%的女性遭受了一次或多次损伤。如果运动员有以下情况，则更容易发生下肢损伤：1）在180度/秒时，右膝屈肌比左膝屈肌强壮15%；2）右髋伸肌比左髋伸肌灵活15%；3）在180度/秒时，膝屈肌/膝伸肌比率小于0.75。身体两侧膝屈肌或髋伸肌出现15%或更大的不平衡与较高的损伤率存在一定趋势。这些数据表明，特定的力量和柔韧性不平衡与女大学生运动员的下肢损伤有关。
