美国大学生体育协会一级体操运动员赛季前下肢活动范围、柔韧性和力量与赛季中受伤的关系。
Preseason lower extremity range of motion, flexibility, and strength in relation to in-season injuries in NCAA division I gymnasts.
机构信息
Victory lab PT and performance, Jackson, Wyoming, USA.
Sport Physical Therapy Residency Program, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.
出版信息
Phys Sportsmed. 2024 Apr;52(2):200-206. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2215775. Epub 2023 May 26.
OBJECTIVES
To determine if preseason lower extremity ROM, flexibility, and strength differ in collegiate gymnasts (NCAA Division 1) who do or do not sustain an injury during the competitive season.
METHODS
Over four seasons, a total of 15 female gymnasts (age = 20.5 ± 1.0 years) underwent preseason screening (30 gymnast-season). We tested joint ROM (hip: flexion, internal and external rotation; ankle: weightbearing dorsiflexion), muscle flexibility (passive straight leg raise, Thomas,' Ober's, Ely's tests) and strength (hip extensors, abductors, and flexors isometric strength via a handheld dynamometer; knee: quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic strength at 60°/sec). The team athletic trainer tracked overuse lower extremity injuries (restricted gymnasts from full participation, occurred as from participation in organized practice or competition, and required medical attention) during each season. For athletes that tested multiple seasons, each encounter was considered independent, and each preseason assessment was linked to overuse injuries sustained during the same competitive season. Gymnasts were dichotomized into injured and non-injured groups. An independent t-test was used to measure differences in preseason outcomes between injured and non-injured groups.
RESULTS
During four years, we recorded 23 overuse lower extremity injuries. Gymnasts that sustained an in-season overuse injury demonstrated significantly lower hip flexion ROM (mean difference: -10.6°; 95% confidence interval: -16.5, -4.6; < 0.01) and lower hip abduction strength (mean difference: -4.7% of body weight; 95% confidence interval: -9.2, -0.3; = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
Gymnasts who sustain an in-season overuse lower extremity injury have significant preseason deficit of hip flexion ROM and weakness in the hip abductors. These findings indicate potential impairments in the kinematic & kinetic chains responsible for skill performance and energy absorption during landing.
目的
确定在大学体操运动员（NCAA 一级）中，是否存在与赛季中受伤有关的下肢 ROM、柔韧性和力量的 preseason差异。
方法
在四个赛季中，共有 15 名女性体操运动员（年龄=20.5±1.0 岁）接受了 preseason筛查（30 名体操运动员-赛季）。我们测试了关节 ROM（髋关节：屈曲、内收和外展；踝关节：负重背屈）、肌肉柔韧性（被动直腿抬高、托马斯测试、Ober 测试、Ely 测试）和力量（髋关节伸肌、外展肌和内收肌通过手持测力计进行等长力量测试；膝关节：股四头肌和腘绳肌在 60°/秒时进行等速力量测试）。队医在每个赛季都跟踪过度使用下肢损伤（限制运动员全面参与、来自有组织的练习或比赛中发生、需要医疗关注的损伤）。对于测试多个赛季的运动员，每次接触都被视为独立的，并且每个 preseason 评估都与同一竞争赛季中发生的过度使用损伤相关联。体操运动员分为受伤组和未受伤组。使用独立 t 检验测量受伤组和未受伤组之间 preseason 结果的差异。
结果
在四年期间，我们记录了 23 例过度使用下肢损伤。在赛季中受伤的运动员髋关节屈曲 ROM 明显较低（平均差异：-10.6°；95%置信区间：-16.5，-4.6； < 0.01），髋关节外展力量也较低（平均差异：-4.7%体重；95%置信区间：-9.2，-0.3； = 0.04）。
结论
在赛季中受伤的运动员在髋关节屈曲 ROM 和髋关节外展肌力量方面存在明显的 preseason 缺陷。这些发现表明，在负责技能表现和着陆时能量吸收的运动链和动力链中存在潜在的损伤。
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