Munk-Jørgensen P, Mortensen P B, Machón R A
Institute of Psychiatric Demography, Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus, Risskov, Denmark.
Schizophr Res. 1991 Jan-Feb;4(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/0920-9964(91)90004-b.
All first admitted patients in 1972 from a catchment area of 582,000 inhabitants aged 15 years or more who were diagnosed as schizophrenic at least once from 1972 until September 1983 (n = 53) were followed-up on average 13 years after first admission. About 20% of the cohort was hospitalized on any given day throughout the length of the follow-up period. The duration of hospitalization decreased from a mean of 8.2 months for the first admission to 1.7 months for the tenth or later admission. The readmission risk increased as a function of the number of previous admissions. Patients with income from occupation or from grants for education had shorter duration of first in-patient period. If the patients were diagnosed as schizophrenics already during the first hospitalization the risk for prolonged duration of the first in-patient period was increased but the readmission risk diminished. Furthermore, readmission risk after the first discharge was diminished by own income and by out-patient treatment and increased by low social status. High proportion of follow-up time in hospital (greater than or equal to 30%) was correlated to affective flattening present at first admission. Of the cohorts' total number of admissions (n = 493) 12% were involuntary. Involuntary admissions were more frequent in the first half of the follow-up period and were correlated to a previous involuntary admission.
1972年首次收治的所有患者来自一个拥有58.2万15岁及以上居民的集水区，这些患者在1972年至1983年9月期间至少被诊断为精神分裂症一次（n = 53），在首次入院后平均随访13年。在整个随访期间的任何一天，约20%的队列成员住院。住院时间从首次入院时的平均8.2个月降至第十次或之后入院时的1.7个月。再入院风险随着既往入院次数的增加而增加。有职业收入或教育补助金的患者首次住院时间较短。如果患者在首次住院期间就被诊断为精神分裂症，首次住院时间延长的风险会增加，但再入院风险会降低。此外，首次出院后的再入院风险因个人收入和门诊治疗而降低，因社会地位低而增加。住院随访时间占比高（大于或等于30%）与首次入院时出现的情感平淡相关。在队列的总入院次数（n = 493）中，12%是非自愿入院。非自愿入院在随访期的前半段更为频繁，并且与之前的非自愿入院相关。
