Kvåle Reidar, Flaatten Hans
Kirurgisk serviceklinikk, Haukeland universitetssjukehus, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2010 Jan 14;130(1):44-6. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0414.
Intensive care is medical care for critically ill patients. Over the last 20 years more attention has been drawn to studying long-term outcome after intensive care.
This article is based on data from the authors' systematic follow up of ICU (intensive care unit) patients and literature identified through non-systematic searches in PubMed.
In Norway more than 80 % of ICU patients survive the hospital stay. From about two years after intensive care and onwards, the overall survival rate parallels that of the total population. Pre-admission data show that ICU patients in general have more co-morbidity and reduction of life quality and functional status than the normal population. Their quality of life increases with time, and most patients become independent of others.
Many ICU patients have rehabilitation potential despite critical illness and comorbidity and most of the long-term survivors achieve acceptable quality of life. ICU patients are a heterogeneous group with great variation in short and long-term outcome. Organization of intensive care should include follow-up after hospital discharge.
重症监护是针对危重症患者的医疗护理。在过去20年里，对重症监护后长期预后的研究受到了更多关注。
本文基于作者对重症监护病房（ICU）患者的系统随访数据以及通过在PubMed中进行非系统检索所确定的文献。
在挪威，超过80%的ICU患者住院期间存活。从重症监护后约两年起，总体生存率与总人口的生存率相当。入院前数据显示，一般而言，ICU患者比正常人群有更多的合并症，生活质量和功能状态更低。他们的生活质量随时间提高，大多数患者变得不再依赖他人。
尽管病情危急且有合并症，但许多ICU患者仍有康复潜力，大多数长期幸存者的生活质量可接受。ICU患者是一个异质性群体，短期和长期预后差异很大。重症监护的组织应包括出院后的随访。
