University College Dublin, Ireland.
Apoptosis. 2010 Mar;15(3):249-56. doi: 10.1007/s10495-009-0447-2.
In plants, apoptotic-like programmed cell death (PCD) can be distinguished from other forms of plant cell death by protoplast condensation that results in a morphologically distinct cell corpse. In addition, there is a central regulatory role for the mitochondria and the degradation of the cell and its contents by PCD associated proteases. These distinguishing features are shared with animal apoptosis as it is probable that plant and animal cell death programmes arose in a shared unicellular ancestor. However, animal and plant cell death pathways are not completely conserved. The cell death programmes may have been further modified after the divergence of plant and animal lineages leading to converged, or indeed unique, features of their respective cell death programmes. In this review we will examine the features of apoptotic-like PCD in plants and examine the probable conserved components such as mitochondrial regulation through the release of apoptogenic proteins from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, the possible conserved or converged features such as "caspase-like" molecules which drive cellular destruction and the emerging unique features of plant PCD such as chloroplast involvement in cell death regulation.
在植物中，凋亡样程序性细胞死亡 (PCD) 可以通过导致形态上明显不同的细胞尸体的质体浓缩与其他形式的植物细胞死亡区分开来。此外，线粒体在中央调控着 PCD 相关蛋白酶对细胞及其内容物的降解。这些特征与动物细胞凋亡共享，因为植物和动物细胞死亡程序很可能是在共同的单细胞祖先中产生的。然而，动物和植物的细胞死亡途径并不完全保守。在植物和动物谱系分歧之后，细胞死亡程序可能进一步被修饰，导致它们各自的细胞死亡程序具有趋同甚至独特的特征。在这篇综述中，我们将检查植物中凋亡样 PCD 的特征，并检查可能保守的成分，如通过线粒体间空间中凋亡蛋白的释放进行线粒体调节、可能保守或趋同的特征，如驱动细胞破坏的“半胱天冬酶样”分子以及植物 PCD 的新兴独特特征，如叶绿体参与细胞死亡调节。
