Durham Business School, Durham University, DH1 3HY, Durham, U.K.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Feb 15;44(4):1177-84. doi: 10.1021/es902662h.
The UK appears to be a leading country in curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Unlike many other developed countries, it has already met its Kyoto obligations and defined ambitious, legally binding targets for the future. Recently this achievement has been called into question as it ignores rapidly changing patterns of production and international trade. We use structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to investigate the drivers behind annual changes in CO(2) emission from consumption in the UK between 1992 and 2004. In contrast with previous SDA-based studies, we apply the decomposition to a global, multiregional input-output model (MRIO), which accounts for UK imports from all regions and uses region-specific production structures and CO(2) intensities. We find that improvements from "domestic" changes in efficiency and production structure led to a 148 Mt reduction in CO(2) emissions, which only partially offsets emission increases of 217 Mt from changes in the global supply chain and from growing consumer demand. Recent emission reductions achieved in the UK are not merely a reflection of a greening of the domestic supply chain, but also of a change in the international division of labor in the global production of goods and services.
英国似乎是遏制温室气体（GHG）排放的领先国家。与许多其他发达国家不同，它已经履行了《京都议定书》的义务，并为未来制定了雄心勃勃的、具有法律约束力的目标。最近，由于其忽视了生产和国际贸易的迅速变化模式，这一成就受到了质疑。我们使用结构分解分析（SDA）来研究 1992 年至 2004 年期间英国消费产生的二氧化碳（CO2）排放年度变化的驱动因素。与以前基于 SDA 的研究不同，我们将分解应用于全球多区域投入产出模型（MRIO），该模型考虑了英国从所有地区的进口，并使用了特定区域的生产结构和 CO2 强度。我们发现，来自效率和生产结构的“国内”变化带来了 1.48 亿吨的 CO2 减排，仅部分抵消了由于全球供应链变化和消费需求增长而导致的 2.17 亿吨的排放增加。英国最近实现的减排不仅反映了国内供应链的绿化，也反映了全球商品和服务生产中国际分工的变化。
