Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(36):54813-54826. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19290-z. Epub 2022 Mar 20.
Understanding the consumption-based accounting (CBA), production-based accounting (PBA), and emissions embodied in trade is an important prerequisite for designing climate mitigation policies. Environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) models have been developed to evaluate the linkages between economic activities and environmental impacts as well as the embodied emissions in goods and services that are traded between countries. In this study, an environmentally extended global multi-regional input-output (EE GMRIO) analysis is performed to calculate Turkey's CBA emissions and import-based embodied emissions for the year 2015 using the Eora26 database, which is a simplified version of the Eora database adapted to 26 economic sectors. The key sectors and sectoral carbon intensities of countries are determined in terms of embodied emissions in imports for household consumption. Our results indicate that Turkey was a net importer of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2015 and about 10% of total emissions of the final consumption in Turkey have occurred in other countries. The dominant contributing sectors to a nation's GHG emissions can be quite different for the CBA and PBA approaches and the efforts to reduce GHG emissions requires a holistic approach. Import-based household emissions are assessed in terms of countries, sector and GHG intensities. Our results indicate that Turkey was a net importer of GHG emissions in 2015 with its approximately 10% of the total and 7.7% of household final consumption emissions having occurred in other countries. This also suggests that imported goods and services for household consumption have been produced in those countries with relatively low emission intensities. Considering Turkey's emissions reduction targets, these results provide methodological benefits that will enhance national efforts by giving invaluable inputs about the emission intensity of imported and exported goods and better guidance to policy makers about future strategies for low-carbon manufacturing and shifting consumption patterns.
理解基于消费的核算（CBA）、基于生产的核算（PBA）和贸易隐含排放是设计气候缓解政策的重要前提。环境扩展投入产出（EEIO）模型已被开发出来，以评估经济活动与环境影响之间的联系，以及在国家之间贸易的商品和服务中隐含的排放。在本研究中，使用 Eora26 数据库对土耳其 2015 年的 CBA 排放和基于进口的隐含排放进行了环境扩展全球多区域投入产出（EE GMRIO）分析，Eora26 数据库是 Eora 数据库的简化版本，适用于 26 个经济部门。根据家庭消费进口隐含排放确定了关键部门和国家的部门碳强度。我们的结果表明，土耳其在 2015 年是温室气体（GHG）排放的净进口国，土耳其最终消费总排放量的约 10%发生在其他国家。基于 CBA 和 PBA 方法，导致一个国家 GHG 排放的主要贡献部门可能大不相同，减少 GHG 排放需要采取整体方法。根据国家、部门和 GHG 强度评估基于进口的家庭排放。我们的结果表明，土耳其在 2015 年是温室气体排放的净进口国，其总排放量的约 10%和家庭最终消费排放量的 7.7%发生在其他国家。这也表明，家庭消费的进口商品和服务是在那些排放强度相对较低的国家生产的。考虑到土耳其的减排目标，这些结果提供了方法上的好处，通过提供有关进出口商品排放强度的宝贵投入，增强了国家的努力，并为决策者提供了关于低碳制造和消费模式转变的未来战略的更好指导。
