Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School-Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea, 1 Ed. Investigacion, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011 Apr;21(4):237-44. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.10.005. Epub 2010 Jan 21.
The Mediterranean diet is considered a model for healthy eating. However, prospective evidence in Mediterranean countries evaluating the relationship between this dietary pattern and non-fatal cardiovascular events is scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the incidence of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events among initially healthy middle-aged adults from the Mediterranean area.
We followed-up 13,609 participants (60 percent women, mean age: 38 years) initially free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) during 4.9 years. Participants were part of a prospective cohort study of university graduates from all regions of Spain. Baseline diet was assessed using a validated 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. A 9-point score was used to appraise adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Incident clinical events were confirmed by a review of medical records. We observed 100 incident cases of CVD. In multivariate analyses, participants with the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (score>6) exhibited a lower cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio=0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.95) compared to those with the lowest score (<3). For each 2-point increment in the score, the adjusted hazard ratios were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.62-1.02) for total CVD and 0.74 (0.55-0.99) for coronary heart disease.
There is an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the incidence of fatal and non-fatal CVD in initially healthy middle-aged adults.
地中海饮食被认为是健康饮食的模式。然而，在评估这种饮食模式与非致命性心血管事件之间的关系的地中海国家中，前瞻性证据仍然有限。本研究旨在评估在最初健康的中年人群中，地中海饮食的依从性与致命和非致命性心血管事件的发生率之间的关系。
我们随访了 13609 名参与者（60%为女性，平均年龄为 38 岁），这些参与者在研究开始时没有心血管疾病（CVD）。参与者是来自西班牙所有地区的大学毕业生的前瞻性队列研究的一部分。采用经过验证的 136 项食物频率问卷评估基线饮食。使用 9 分制评估对地中海饮食的依从性。通过审查医疗记录来确认新发临床事件。我们观察到 100 例 CVD 事件。在多变量分析中，依从性最高的地中海饮食（得分>6）的参与者发生心血管风险较低（风险比=0.41，95%置信区间[CI]：0.18-0.95），而依从性最低的参与者（得分<3）的风险较高。对于分数每增加 2 分，总 CVD 的调整后风险比为 0.80（95%CI：0.62-1.02），冠心病的风险比为 0.74（0.55-0.99）。
在最初健康的中年人群中，地中海饮食的依从性与致命和非致命性 CVD 的发生率呈负相关。
