Núñez-Córdoba Jorge M, Valencia-Serrano Félix, Toledo Estefanía, Alonso Alvaro, Martínez-González Miguel A
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School-Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Feb 1;169(3):339-46. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn335. Epub 2008 Nov 26.
The Mediterranean diet is receiving increasing attention in cardiovascular epidemiology. The association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of hypertension was evaluated among 9,408 men and women enrolled in a dynamic Spanish prospective cohort study during 1999-2005. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and a 9-point Mediterranean diet score was constructed. During a median follow-up period of 4.2 years (range, 1.9-7.9), 501 incident cases of hypertension were identified. After adjustment for major hypertension risk factors and nutritional covariates, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was not associated with hypertension (the hazard ratio was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 1.41) for moderate adherence and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.60) for high adherence). However, it was associated with reduced changes in mean levels of systolic blood pressure (moderate adherence, -2.4 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.0, -0.8); high adherence, -3.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -5.4, -0.8)) and diastolic blood pressure (moderate adherence, -1.3 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.5, -0.1); high adherence, -1.9 mm Hg (95% CI: -3.6, -0.1)) after 6 years of follow-up. These results suggest that adhering to a Mediterranean-type diet could contribute to the prevention of age-related changes in blood pressure.
地中海饮食在心血管流行病学领域正受到越来越多的关注。在1999年至2005年期间参与一项动态西班牙前瞻性队列研究的9408名男性和女性中，评估了坚持地中海饮食与高血压发病率之间的关联。在基线时使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量，并构建了一个9分的地中海饮食评分。在中位随访期4.2年（范围为1.9至7.9年）内，共识别出501例高血压新发病例。在对主要高血压危险因素和营养协变量进行调整后，坚持地中海饮食与高血压无关联（中度坚持的风险比为1.10（95%置信区间（CI）：0.81, 1.41），高度坚持的风险比为1.12（95% CI：0.79, 1.60））。然而，随访6年后，它与收缩压平均水平的降低变化（中度坚持，-2.4 mmHg（95% CI：-4.0, -0.8）；高度坚持，-3.1 mmHg（95% CI：-5.4, -0.8））和舒张压平均水平的降低变化（中度坚持，-1.3 mmHg（95% CI：-2.5, -0.1）；高度坚持，-1.9 mmHg（95% CI：-3.6, -0.1））相关。这些结果表明，坚持地中海式饮食可能有助于预防与年龄相关的血压变化。
