Murakami D M, Bassett L W, Seeger L L
Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1721.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991 Apr(265):83-95.
Several new imaging modalities have been found useful in clinical evaluation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has proven to be an excellent noninvasive method to evaluate the spine, shoulder, hip, and knees; its use for the evaluation of smaller joints is still being investigated. In patients with RA, MR imaging has been used to evaluate cervical spine instability, rotator cuff tear, osteonecrosis, and osteomyelitis. Patients with RA may have advanced osteoporosis, predisposing to insufficiency fractures. This includes fractures associated with increased activity after hip or knee arthroplasty. Newer methods for measuring the degree of osteoporosis include single photon absorptiometry, dual photon absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography (CT), and dual-energy projection radiography. It has not yet been determined which of these methods will be most widely used in the future, but quantitative CT and dual-energy projection radiography currently show the most promise. Ultrasonography provides an excellent noninvasive method for the diagnosis of popliteal cysts, and color Doppler sonography can differentiate cyst and popliteal aneurysm. As compared to radiography or conventional CT, high-resolution CT provides an improved method to detect the early changes of RA in the lung parenchyma.
已发现几种新的成像方式在类风湿性关节炎（RA）患者的临床评估中很有用。磁共振（MR）成像已被证明是评估脊柱、肩部、髋部和膝盖的一种出色的非侵入性方法；其在评估较小关节方面的应用仍在研究中。在RA患者中，MR成像已用于评估颈椎不稳定、肩袖撕裂、骨坏死和骨髓炎。RA患者可能有严重的骨质疏松症，易发生不全骨折。这包括与髋部或膝关节置换术后活动增加相关的骨折。测量骨质疏松症程度的较新方法包括单光子吸收法、双光子吸收法、定量计算机断层扫描（CT）和双能投影射线照相术。尚未确定这些方法中哪种在未来会得到最广泛的应用，但定量CT和双能投影射线照相术目前显示出最大的前景。超声检查为诊断腘窝囊肿提供了一种出色的非侵入性方法，彩色多普勒超声可区分囊肿和腘动脉瘤。与X线摄影或传统CT相比，高分辨率CT为检测肺实质内RA的早期变化提供了一种改进的方法。
