Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (Wallingford), Crowmarsh Gifford, Oxon, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Mar 1;408(7):1485-500. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.020. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
The relationship between soluble and particulate phosphorus was examined for 9 major UK rivers including 26 major tributaries and 68 monitoring points, covering wide-ranging rural and agricultural/urban impacted systems with catchment areas varying from 1 to 6000km(2) scales. Phosphorus concentrations in Soluble Reactive (SRP), Total Dissolved (TDP), Total (TP), Dissolved Hydrolysable (DHP) and Particulate (PP) forms correlated with effluent markers (sodium and boron) and SRP was generally dominant signifying the importance of sewage sources. Low flows were particularly enriched in SRP, TDP and TP for average SRP>100microg/l indicating low effluent dilution. At particularly low average concentrations, SRP increased with flow but effluent sources were still implicated as the effluent markers (boron in particular) increased likewise. For rural areas, DHP had proportionately high concentrations and SRP+DHP concentrations could exceed environmental thresholds currently set for SRP. Given DHP has a high bioavailability the environmental implications need further consideration. PP concentrations were generally highest at high flows but PP in the suspended solids was generally at its lowest and in general PP correlated with particulate organic carbon and more so than the suspended sediment in total. Separation of pollutant inputs solely between effluent and diffuse (agriculture) components is misleading, as part of the "diffuse" term comprises effluents flushed from the catchments during high flow. Effluent sources of phosphorus supplied directly or indirectly to the river coupled with within-river interactions between water/sediment/biota largely determine pollutant levels. The study flags the fundamental need of placing direct and indirect effluent sources and contaminated storage with interchange to/from the river at the focus for remediation strategies for UK rivers in relation to eutrophication and the WFD.
本研究考察了英国 9 条主要河流（包括 26 条主要支流和 68 个监测点）中可溶性和颗粒态磷之间的关系，这些河流覆盖了从农村到受农业/城市影响的广泛系统，流域面积从 1 到 6000km²不等。可溶性反应性磷（SRP）、总溶解磷（TDP）、总磷（TP）、可水解溶解磷（DHP）和颗粒磷（PP）的浓度与废水示踪剂（钠和硼）有关，而 SRP 通常占主导地位，表明污水源的重要性。在低流量条件下，SRP、TDP 和 TP 特别丰富，平均 SRP 浓度>100μg/L，表明废水稀释度低。在平均浓度特别低的情况下，随着流量的增加，SRP 也会增加，但废水示踪剂（特别是硼）同样增加，表明废水源仍有影响。对于农村地区，DHP 的浓度相对较高，SRP+DHP 的浓度可能超过目前为 SRP 设定的环境阈值。考虑到 DHP 具有较高的生物可利用性，需要进一步考虑其环境影响。在高流量条件下，PP 的浓度通常最高，但悬浮固体中的 PP 浓度通常最低，通常 PP 与颗粒有机碳的相关性大于总悬浮固体。仅将污染物输入源分离为废水和（农业）漫流源是具有误导性的，因为“漫流”一词的一部分包括在高流量期间从流域中冲洗出的废水。河流中磷的污染源主要包括直接或间接进入河流的污染源，以及河流内部水-沉积物-生物群之间的相互作用，这些因素共同决定了污染物的水平。本研究强调了将直接和间接的废水源以及受污染的储存库与河流进行交换作为英国河流富营养化和 WFD 修复策略的重点的根本需求。
