Nelson Bret P, Melnick Edward R, Li James
Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
J Emerg Med. 2011 Feb;40(2):190-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.09.006. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
In field medical operations, rapid diagnosis and triage of seriously injured patients is critical. With significant bulk and cost constraints placed on all equipment, it is important that any medical devices deployed in the field demonstrate high utility, durability, and ease of use. When medical ultrasound was first used in patient care, machine cost, bulk, and steep learning curves prevented use outside of the radiology department. Now, lightweight portable ultrasound is widely employed at the bedside by emergency physicians. The techniques and equipment have recently been extrapolated out of the hospital setting in a wide variety of environments in an effort to increase diagnostic accuracy in the field.
In this review, deployment of lightweight portable ultrasound in the field (by emergency medical services, military operations, disaster relief, medical missions, and expeditions to austere environments) is examined. The feasibility of field deployment and experiences of clinicians using ultrasound in a host of environments are detailed. In addition, special technological considerations such as telemedicine and machine characteristics are reviewed.
The use of lightweight portable ultrasound shows great promise in augmenting clinical assessment for field medical operations. Although the feasibility of the technology has been demonstrated in certain medical and trauma applications, further research is needed to determine the utility of ultrasound use for medical illness in the field.
在野战医疗行动中，对重伤患者进行快速诊断和分类至关重要。鉴于所有设备都面临着体积和成本方面的重大限制，在野外部署的任何医疗设备都必须具备高效用性、耐用性和易用性。医学超声最初用于患者护理时，机器成本、体积以及陡峭的学习曲线使其无法在放射科以外的地方使用。如今，轻便的便携式超声已被急诊医生广泛用于床边检查。最近，这项技术和设备已被推广到医院以外的各种环境中，以提高现场诊断的准确性。
在本综述中，我们将探讨轻便便携式超声在野外的应用情况（包括紧急医疗服务、军事行动、救灾、医疗任务以及前往艰苦环境的探险活动）。详细介绍了野外部署的可行性以及临床医生在各种环境中使用超声的经验。此外，还对远程医疗和机器特性等特殊技术考量进行了综述。
轻便便携式超声在增强野战医疗行动的临床评估方面显示出巨大潜力。尽管该技术在某些医疗和创伤应用中的可行性已得到证实，但仍需进一步研究以确定超声在野外医疗疾病诊断中的效用。
