Nelson Bret P, Melnick Edward R, Li James
Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
J Emerg Med. 2011 Mar;40(3):313-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.11.028. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
With recent advances in ultrasound technology, it is now possible to deploy lightweight portable imaging devices in the field. Techniques and studies initially developed for hospital use have been extrapolated out of the hospital setting in a wide variety of environments in an effort to increase diagnostic accuracy in austere or prehospital environments.
This review summarizes current ultrasound applications used in out-of-hospital arenas and highlights existing evidence for such use. The diversity of applications and environments is organized by indication to better inform equipment selection as well as future directions for research and development.
Trauma evaluation, casualty triage, and assessment for pneumothorax, acute mountain sickness, and other applications have been studied by field medical teams. A wide range of outcomes have been reported, from alterations in patient care to determinations of accuracy compared to clinical judgment or other diagnostic modalities.
The use of lightweight portable ultrasound shows great promise in augmenting clinical assessment for field medical operations. Although some studies of diagnostic accuracy exist in this setting, further research focused on clinically relevant outcomes data is needed.
随着超声技术的最新进展，现在有可能在现场部署轻便的便携式成像设备。最初为医院使用而开发的技术和研究已被推广到医院以外的各种环境中，以提高在艰苦或院前环境中的诊断准确性。
本综述总结了目前在院外领域使用的超声应用，并强调了此类应用的现有证据。按适应症对应用和环境的多样性进行了整理，以便更好地为设备选择以及未来的研发方向提供信息。
野战医疗队已经对创伤评估、伤员分诊以及气胸、急性高山病和其他应用的评估进行了研究。报告了广泛的结果，从患者护理的改变到与临床判断或其他诊断方式相比的准确性测定。
轻便便携式超声的使用在增强野战医疗行动的临床评估方面显示出巨大的前景。尽管在这种情况下存在一些关于诊断准确性的研究，但仍需要进一步关注临床相关结局数据的研究。
