Occupational Risk Prevention Service, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Asturias 33012, Spain.
Occup Med (Lond). 2010 Sep;60(6):447-50. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqp191. Epub 2010 Jan 22.
Physical demands at work remain a leading cause of work-related injuries in industrialized countries.
To use the 2003 Spanish National Survey of Work Conditions to examine prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and physical load at work.
Using a representative sample of 5236 persons from the Spanish workforce, the prevalence of carrying or lifting heavy loads, use of significant force and repetitive movements was examined among those with and without MSDs.
Use of significant force and carrying heavy weights decreased inversely in relation to exposure time and was always higher among those with MSD symptoms or work-related injury. For repetitive movements, prevalence increased with longer duration of exposure and was also significantly higher in those with MSD symptoms, except in the shortest duration category.
One-third of workers used significant force during part of their shifts, while 4% were exposed for >50% of their work shift, suggesting that 500 000 workers in Spain are at high risk of musculoskeletal injury. Moreover, repetitive movements involving >50% of the work shift affected 30% of workers. To reduce the high incidence of MSDs and work-related injury in Spain, preventive interventions should be directed at these risk factors.
在工业化国家，工作中的体力要求仍然是导致与工作相关的伤害的主要原因。
使用 2003 年西班牙工作条件国家调查来检查与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）和体力负荷的患病率。
使用西班牙劳动力的代表性样本 5236 人，检查有和没有 MSD 的人搬运或举起重物、使用大力和重复动作的患病率。
使用大力和搬运重物的比例随着暴露时间的增加而呈反比下降，且在有 MSD 症状或与工作相关的伤害的人群中始终更高。对于重复动作，随着暴露时间的延长，患病率增加，且在有 MSD 症状的人群中也显著更高，除了在最短暴露时间的类别中。
三分之一的工人在部分轮班期间使用大力，而 4%的工人在超过 50%的轮班时间内暴露，这表明西班牙有 50 万名工人有肌肉骨骼损伤的高风险。此外，涉及超过 50%轮班时间的重复动作影响了 30%的工人。为了降低西班牙 MSD 和与工作相关的伤害的高发病率，预防干预措施应针对这些危险因素。
