Otocka-Kmiecik Aneta, Orłowska-Majdak Monika
Department of Experimental Physiology, Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2009 Dec 30;63:668-77.
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a member of a three-gene family (PON1, PON2, and PON3). PON1 activity dominates in human plasma. It is secreted from hepatic cells and is found in the circulation bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). For many years it has been known only for its ability to hydrolyze organophosphate derivatives. More recently, PON1's antioxidant activity draws attention as the enzyme was described to prevent oxidation of lipoproteins by reactive oxygen species formed during oxidative stress. PON1 was also shown to hydrolyze atherogenic products of oxidative lipid modification such as phospholipid peroxides and cholesterol ester hydroperoxides. Some studies indicate that the enzyme presents a lipolactonase activity and hydrolyzes homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL). There is growing evidence as to PON1's protective role in atherosclerosis. Genetic (PON1 polymorphism) and environmental factors and lifestyle may influence PON1 blood concentration and biological activity. Among the many recognized factors accounting for lifestyle, physical activity plays an important role. Various, often opposite, effects on PON1 status are observed in regular training and single physical activities. The results of different studies are often contradictory. It may depend on the time, intensity, and frequency of physical activity. Additionally, it seems that the effects of physical activity on PON1 blood concentration and activity are modified by environmental and lifestyle factors as well as PON1 polymorphism.
对氧磷酶1（PON1）是一个由三个基因组成的家族（PON1、PON2和PON3）的成员。PON1活性在人体血浆中占主导地位。它由肝细胞分泌，在血液循环中与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）结合存在。多年来，人们只知道它具有水解有机磷酸酯衍生物的能力。最近，PON1的抗氧化活性引起了关注，因为该酶被描述为可防止氧化应激期间形成的活性氧对脂蛋白的氧化。PON1还被证明能水解氧化脂质修饰的致动脉粥样硬化产物，如磷脂过氧化物和胆固醇酯氢过氧化物。一些研究表明，该酶具有脂内酯酶活性，能水解同型半胱氨酸硫内酯（HCTL）。关于PON1在动脉粥样硬化中的保护作用，证据越来越多。遗传因素（PON1多态性）、环境因素和生活方式可能会影响PON1的血液浓度和生物学活性。在众多公认的生活方式因素中，体育活动起着重要作用。在常规训练和单次体育活动中，观察到了对PON1状态的各种、往往相反的影响。不同研究的结果往往相互矛盾。这可能取决于体育活动的时间、强度和频率。此外，体育活动对PON1血液浓度和活性的影响似乎也会受到环境和生活方式因素以及PON1多态性的影响。
