Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960 (D-49), Miami, Florida 33101, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Feb;10(2):131-44. doi: 10.1038/nri2707.
A single layer of epithelial cells lines the small and large intestines and functions as a barrier between commensal bacteria and the rest of the body. Ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on intestinal epithelial cells by bacterial products promotes epithelial cell proliferation, secretion of IgA into the gut lumen and expression of antimicrobial peptides. As described in this Review, this establishes a microorganism-induced programme of epithelial cell homeostasis and repair in the intestine. Dysregulation of this process can result in chronic inflammatory and over-exuberant repair responses, and it is associated with the development of colon cancer. Thus, dysregulated TLR signalling by intestinal epithelial cells may explain how colonic bacteria and inflammation promote colorectal cancer.
单层上皮细胞排列在小肠和大肠中，作为共生细菌与身体其他部分之间的屏障。细菌产物对肠道上皮细胞上 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 的结扎促进了上皮细胞的增殖、IgA 分泌到肠腔中和抗菌肽的表达。正如本综述所述，这在肠道中建立了一个由微生物诱导的上皮细胞稳态和修复程序。这个过程的失调会导致慢性炎症和过度活跃的修复反应，并且与结肠癌的发展有关。因此，肠道上皮细胞中 TLR 信号的失调可能解释了结肠细菌和炎症如何促进结直肠癌的发生。
