Department of Sociology, Kent State University, OH 44242-001, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2009 Dec;50(4):410-26. doi: 10.1177/002214650905000403.
We utilize data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth young adult sample (N = 1,488) to investigate whether gender role attitudes and the occupation of and transition to three adult roles (i.e., employment, marriage, and parenthood) contribute to the maintenance of the gender gap in the frequency and quantity of alcohol use. Our results indicate that traditional gender role attitudes are related to less frequent drinking for both men and women, but role attitudes are not associated with the number of drinks consumed. We also find that employment and transitions to employment increase the frequency and quantity of drinking, but less so for women compared to men. Furthermore, marriage, parenthood, and transitions to parenthood are related to less frequent drinking for women only. In terms of the number of drinks consumed, only employment and transitions to employment distinguish men and women. Employment is related to increased quantity of drinking for men, but decreased drinking for women, while transitions to employment have no effect on men, but do decrease the amount of drinking for women. Marriage decreases the number of drinks consumed equally for both men and women.
我们利用全国青年纵向调查青年成年样本（N=1488）的数据，调查性别角色态度以及三种成人角色（即就业、婚姻和为人父母）的职业和转变是否有助于维持饮酒频率和数量上的性别差距。我们的结果表明，传统的性别角色态度与男性和女性饮酒频率较低有关，但角色态度与饮酒量无关。我们还发现，就业和向就业的转变增加了饮酒的频率和数量，但女性的增幅小于男性。此外，婚姻、为人父母和向为人父母的转变仅与女性饮酒频率较低有关。就饮酒量而言，只有就业和向就业的转变可以区分男性和女性。就业与男性饮酒量的增加有关，但与女性饮酒量的减少有关，而向就业的转变对男性没有影响，但会减少女性的饮酒量。婚姻使男性和女性的饮酒量都相等减少。
