Yamada Masakazu, Hiratsuka Yoshimune, Roberts Chris B, Pezzullo M Lynne, Yates Katie, Takano Shigeru, Miyake Kensaku, Taylor Hugh R
National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010 Jan-Feb;17(1):50-7. doi: 10.3109/09286580903450346.
To present a comprehensive estimate of the total number of people with visual impairment in the adult Japanese population by age, gender, severity and cause, and to estimate future prevalence based on population projections and expected demographic changes.
Definitions of visual impairment used in this study were based on the United States criteria. Total visual impairment was calculated as the sum of low vision and blindness. The prevalence estimates were based on input from a number of Japanese epidemiological surveys, census material and official population projections.
There were an estimated 1.64 million people with visual impairment in 2007 in Japan. Of these, 187,800 were estimated to be blind. The prevalence of visual impairment in Japan increased with age and half of the people with visual impairment were aged 70 years or older. The leading causes of visual impairment in Japan were glaucoma (24.3%), diabetic retinopathy (20.6%), degenerative myopia (12.2%), age-related macular degeneration (10.9%), and cataract (7.2%). These five major causes comprised three-quarters of all visual impairment. The prevalence of visual impairment was projected to increase from 1.3% of the population in 2007 to 2.0% by 2050.
This comprehensive study presents the prevalence of total visual impairment in the adult Japanese population. The projected increases in the prevalence of visual impairment over time reflect the demographic changes of a declining and aging Japanese population. These projections highlight that the burden of disease due to visual impairment and imposed on society is likely to increase.
按年龄、性别、严重程度和病因，全面估算日本成年人口中视力障碍者的总数，并根据人口预测和预期人口结构变化估算未来的患病率。
本研究中使用的视力障碍定义基于美国标准。总视力障碍为低视力和盲的总和。患病率估算基于多项日本流行病学调查、人口普查资料和官方人口预测的数据。
2007年日本估计有164万视力障碍者。其中，估计有187,800人失明。日本视力障碍的患病率随年龄增长而上升，半数视力障碍者年龄在70岁及以上。日本视力障碍的主要病因是青光眼（24.3%）、糖尿病视网膜病变（20.6%）、变性近视（12.2%）、年龄相关性黄斑变性（10.9%）和白内障（7.2%）。这五大病因占所有视力障碍的四分之三。预计到2050年，视力障碍的患病率将从2007年的1.3%升至2.0%。
这项综合研究展示了日本成年人口中总视力障碍的患病率。预计视力障碍患病率随时间上升反映了日本人口减少和老龄化的人口结构变化。这些预测突出表明，视力障碍给社会带来的疾病负担可能会增加。
