Amdekar Sarika, Dwivedi Deepak, Roy Purabi, Kushwah Sapna, Singh Vinod
Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2010 Apr;58(3):299-306. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00630.x. Epub 2009 Nov 6.
Microorganisms have been used for a long time in food and alcoholic fermentation. In the last few years they have undergone scientific scrutiny of their preventative and therapeutic aspects. This has led to the discovery of a new term, probiotics. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are microbial communities normally present in the intestine of most animals. They play an important role in humans and other animals, and act as immunomodulators. They are helpful in the treatment and prevention of disease as well as improving the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Probiotic microorganisms include the LAB Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Use of these live bacteria to elicit an immune response or to carry a vaccine component is a new invention in vaccine development. The advantage of live bacterial vaccines is that they mimic natural infection, have intrinsic adjuvant properties and can be given orally. Components of pathogenic and nonpathogenic food-related microorganisms are currently being evaluated as candidates for oral vaccines.
微生物长期以来一直被用于食品和酒精发酵。在过去几年中，它们在预防和治疗方面受到了科学审视。这导致了一个新术语“益生菌”的发现。乳酸菌（LAB）是大多数动物肠道中正常存在的微生物群落。它们在人类和其他动物中发挥着重要作用，并作为免疫调节剂。它们有助于疾病的治疗和预防，以及改善营养物质的消化和吸收。益生菌微生物包括嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌。利用这些活细菌引发免疫反应或携带疫苗成分是疫苗开发中的一项新发明。活细菌疫苗的优点是它们模拟自然感染，具有内在佐剂特性，并且可以口服给药。目前正在评估致病性和非致病性食品相关微生物的成分作为口服疫苗的候选物。
