Ndetei D M, Omar A, Mutiso V N, Ongecha F A, Kokonya D A
University of Africa and Africa Mental Health Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya.
Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 2009 Nov;12(4):280-3.
To document the socio-demographic characteristics and psychiatric profiles of the survivors of the Nairobi United States Embassy terrorist bomb blast referred to a psychiatric and psychotherapy (counselling) service.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Clinical interviews and structured questionnaires for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stress were administered. Survivors of the bomb blast referred to a psychiatric and psychotherapy service one year or more after the bombing were included in the study. These survivors had been treated using psychopharmacotherapy and individualised (not group) therapy/counselling.
Eighty-three consecutive referrals to a psychiatric service participated in this study. There were more males and the sample was generally well educated. The referrals made contact with the referring agency for a number of reasons including seeking psychological, financial and medical assistance. All the patients reported varying degrees of psychiatric symptoms and functional impairment on various aspects of social occupational functioning. High scores for PTSD and other related stress were recorded one or more years after the bombing.
Although the survivors indicated that initial counselling following the blast had helped them, they still scored high on PTSD suggesting that clinically, the initial counselling had little, if any impact on the development of PTSD. There is need for a holistic approach to the management of psychotrauma in individuals.
记录被转介至精神科及心理治疗（咨询）服务机构的内罗毕美国大使馆恐怖炸弹爆炸事件幸存者的社会人口学特征及精神状况。
这是一项描述性横断面研究。采用临床访谈以及针对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和压力的结构化问卷。研究纳入了爆炸事件发生一年或更久后被转介至精神科及心理治疗服务机构的幸存者。这些幸存者接受了心理药物治疗以及个体化（而非团体）治疗/咨询。
连续83名被转介至精神科服务的患者参与了本研究。男性居多，样本总体受教育程度良好。这些被转介者因多种原因与转介机构取得联系，包括寻求心理、经济和医疗援助。所有患者均报告在社会职业功能的各个方面存在不同程度的精神症状和功能损害。爆炸事件一年或多年后，PTSD及其他相关压力的得分较高。
尽管幸存者表示爆炸后的初始咨询对他们有帮助，但他们的PTSD得分仍很高，这表明从临床角度来看，初始咨询对PTSD的发展几乎没有影响（即便有影响也微乎其微）。需要采用整体方法来管理个体的心理创伤。
