Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Genome Res. 2010 Mar;20(3):332-40. doi: 10.1101/gr.096826.109. Epub 2010 Jan 27.
Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands in cancer is associated with silencing of tumor-suppressor genes, and age-dependent hypermethylation in normal appearing mucosa may be a risk factor for human colon cancer. It is not known whether this age-related DNA methylation phenomenon is specific to human tissues. We performed comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of promoter regions in aging mouse intestine using methylated CpG island amplification in combination with microarray analysis. By comparing C57BL/6 mice at 3-mo-old versus 35-mo-old for 3627 detectable autosomal genes, we found 774 (21%) that showed increased methylation and 466 (13%) that showed decreased methylation. We used pyrosequencing to quantitatively validate the microarray data and confirmed linear age-related methylation changes for all 12 genomic regions examined. We then examined 11 changed genomic loci for age-related methylation in other tissues. Of these, three of 11 showed similar changes in lung, seven of 11 changed in liver, and six of 11 changed in spleen, though to a lower degree than the changes seen in colon. There was partial conservation between age-related hypermethylation in human and mouse intestines, and Polycomb targets in embryonic stem cells were enriched among the hypermethylated genes. Our findings demonstrate a surprisingly high rate of hyper- and hypomethylation as a function of age in normal mouse small intestine tissues and a strong tissue-specificity to the process. We conclude that epigenetic deregulation is a common feature of aging in mammals.
抑癌基因启动子 CpG 岛的异常甲基化与肿瘤抑制基因失活有关,正常外观的黏膜中随年龄增长的过度甲基化可能是人类结肠癌的一个危险因素。目前尚不清楚这种与年龄相关的 DNA 甲基化现象是否是人类组织所特有的。我们使用甲基化 CpG 岛扩增结合微阵列分析,对衰老小鼠肠道中的启动子区域进行了全面的 DNA 甲基化谱分析。通过比较 3 月龄和 35 月龄 C57BL/6 小鼠的 3627 个可检测常染色体基因,我们发现 774 个(21%)基因的甲基化程度增加,466 个(13%)基因的甲基化程度降低。我们使用焦磷酸测序法对微阵列数据进行了定量验证,并证实了所有 12 个检测到的基因组区域的线性年龄相关的甲基化变化。然后,我们在其他组织中检查了 11 个与年龄相关的甲基化改变的基因组位点。其中,11 个中有 3 个在肺中显示出相似的变化,11 个中有 7 个在肝中发生改变,11 个中有 6 个在脾中发生改变,但变化程度低于结肠。人类和小鼠肠道中年龄相关性高甲基化之间存在部分保守性,胚胎干细胞中的 Polycomb 靶基因在高甲基化基因中富集。我们的研究结果表明,在正常的小鼠小肠组织中,随着年龄的增长,出现了高甲基化和低甲基化的惊人高比率,并且该过程具有很强的组织特异性。我们得出结论,表观遗传失调是哺乳动物衰老的一个共同特征。
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