Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Feb 15;49(8):1362-95. doi: 10.1002/anie.200903053.
Nanoparticulate functional materials offer manifold perspectives for the increasing miniaturization and complexity of technical developments. Nanoparticles also make a major contribution to utilization of materials that is sparing of natural resources. Besides these obvious aspects, however, the importance of nanoparticles is due to their fundamentally novel properties and functions. These include photonic crystals and efficient luminophors, single particles and thin films for electronic storage media and switching elements, magnetic fluids and highly selective catalysts, a wide variety of possibilities for surface treatments, novel materials and concepts for energy conversion and storage, contrast agents for molecular biology and medical diagnosis, and fundamentally novel forms and structures of materials, such as nanocontainers and supercrystals. Creating high-quality nanoparticles requires that numerous parameters, involving the particle core and surface, colloidal properties, and particle deposition, are taken into consideration during synthesis of the material. An appropriate characterization and evaluation of the properties requires the incorporation of a wide range of expertise from widely differing areas. These circumstances are what challenges and appeals to the nanoscientist.
纳米颗粒功能材料为技术发展的日益小型化和复杂化提供了多种视角。纳米颗粒还有助于节约自然资源的材料利用。然而，除了这些明显的方面，纳米颗粒的重要性还在于其具有根本上新颖的性质和功能。这些包括光子晶体和高效发光体、用于电子存储介质和开关元件的单颗粒和薄膜、磁性液体和高选择性催化剂、用于表面处理的各种可能性、用于能量转换和存储的新型材料和概念、用于分子生物学和医学诊断的对比剂，以及材料的全新形式和结构，如纳米容器和超晶体。要制造高质量的纳米颗粒，需要在材料合成过程中考虑涉及颗粒核心和表面、胶体性质和颗粒沉积的众多参数。要对性质进行适当的表征和评估，需要整合来自广泛不同领域的广泛专业知识。这些情况对纳米科学家来说既是挑战，也是吸引力。
