O'Connell Susan, O'Connell Anne, O'Mullane Elaine, Hoey Hilary
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Pediatr Dent. 2009 Nov-Dec;31(7):504-12.
It is estimated that 8 to 26 percent of infants are born with low birth weight (LBW) worldwide. These children are at risk for medical problems in childhood and adulthood and often have poor oral health. The influence of fetal growth on birth weight and its relevance to childhood growth and future adult health is controversial. Evidence now indicates that the postnatal period is a critical time when nutrition may predispose the child to lifelong metabolic disturbance and obesity. Given the lack of consensus on optimum infant nutrition for LBW, premature, and small-for-gestational-age infants, many such infants may be suboptimally managed. This may result in rapid postnatal weight gain and ongoing health problems. The purpose of this review was to summarize medical terminology and issues related to fetal growth, morbidity associated with being born low birth weight, premature, or small for gestational age, and the importance of appropriate nutrition in such infants. Pediatric dentists can play an important role in supporting healthy feeding practices and improving long-term health in these children. Early integrated medical and dental care should be encouraged for all children with low birth weight.
据估计，全球8%至26%的婴儿出生时体重过低（LBW）。这些儿童在儿童期和成年期有患医疗问题的风险，并且口腔健康往往较差。胎儿生长对出生体重的影响及其与儿童生长和未来成人健康的相关性存在争议。现在有证据表明，出生后时期是一个关键时期，此时营养可能使儿童易患终身代谢紊乱和肥胖症。鉴于对于低出生体重、早产和小于胎龄婴儿的最佳婴儿营养缺乏共识，许多此类婴儿可能未得到最佳管理。这可能导致出生后体重快速增加和持续的健康问题。本综述的目的是总结与胎儿生长、低出生体重、早产或小于胎龄出生相关的发病率以及此类婴儿适当营养的重要性等医学术语和问题。儿科牙医在支持健康喂养习惯和改善这些儿童的长期健康方面可以发挥重要作用。应鼓励对所有低出生体重儿童进行早期综合医疗和牙科护理。
