Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Northwestern Memorial and Children's Memorial Hospitals, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 Feb;8(2):205-17. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.1.
Diarrhea is the second largest cause of mortality worldwide in children from the perinatal period to the age of 5 years. Rotavirus has been the most commonly identified viral cause of diarrhea in children. Norovirus is now recognized as the second most common viral pathogen. Adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus are the other major viral causes of pediatric gastroenteritis. Strategies for prevention include basic hygiene, optimization of nutrition and, ultimately, vaccination. Two new vaccines have recently been licensed for the prevention of rotavirus, the monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) and the pentavalent bovine-human reassortant vaccine (RotaTeq). These vaccines have already dramatically decreased the morbidity associated with rotavirus in countries where they are widely used. Efforts to develop a norovirus vaccine face substantial hurdles. Treatment of the viral pathogens is primarily limited to symptomatic measures.
腹泻是全球围产期至 5 岁儿童死亡的第二大原因。轮状病毒是导致儿童腹泻的最常见病毒病因。诺如病毒现在被认为是第二大常见的病毒病原体。腺病毒、星状病毒和肠道病毒是其他主要的病毒性小儿胃肠炎病原体。预防策略包括基本卫生、优化营养，最终还包括疫苗接种。最近有两种新的轮状病毒疫苗获得许可，单价人轮状病毒疫苗（Rotarix）和五价牛-人重组疫苗（RotaTeq）。这些疫苗已经在广泛使用的国家显著降低了轮状病毒相关的发病率。开发诺如病毒疫苗的努力面临着巨大的障碍。病毒病原体的治疗主要限于对症措施。
