Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2010 Oct;44(13):841-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.001. Epub 2010 Jan 27.
Body image disturbance (BID) among men has only recently become a phenomenon of clinical significance with noted heterogeneity in the behavioral consequences of these disturbances. The degree of heterogeneity among appearance and performance enhancing drug (APED) users is unknown and an empirically derived framework for studying BID is necessary. APED users (N=1000) were recruited via the Internet and they completed a comprehensive online assessment APED use patterns, motivations, consequences, and BID. Data were evaluated using latent trait, latent class, and factor mixture models. Model results were validated using a range of covariates including cycle characteristics, age, APED history, and APED risk. A 1-Factor, 4-Class model provided the best fit to the data with Class 1 scoring the highest on all measures of BID and Class 4 the lowest on all measures. Class 2 differed in their preference for being lean over muscular and Class 3 preferred adding mass and size. Each class was associated with unique risks, APED history, and training identity. Not all APED users suffer from significant BID and there are unique profiles for those with elevated BID. Future research on male BID should account for this structure in order to better define relevant diagnostic categories and evaluate the clinical significance of BID.
男性的身体意象障碍（BID）最近才成为一个具有临床意义的现象，这些障碍的行为后果存在明显的异质性。尚不清楚外观和表现增强药物（APED）使用者之间的异质性程度，因此有必要建立一个经验主义的 BID 研究框架。通过互联网招募了 APED 使用者（N=1000），并让他们完成了一项关于 APED 使用模式、动机、后果和 BID 的综合在线评估。使用潜在特质、潜在类别和因子混合模型评估数据。使用包括周期特征、年龄、APED 史和 APED 风险在内的一系列协变量来验证模型结果。具有 1 个因子和 4 个类别的模型为数据提供了最佳拟合，其中第 1 类在 BID 的所有测量指标上得分最高，第 4 类在所有测量指标上得分最低。第 2 类在对瘦和肌肉的偏好上存在差异，而第 3 类则更喜欢增加质量和大小。每个类别都与独特的风险、APED 史和训练身份相关联。并非所有的 APED 用户都患有严重的 BID，而且对于那些 BID 升高的患者，有独特的特征。未来对男性 BID 的研究应该考虑到这种结构，以便更好地定义相关的诊断类别并评估 BID 的临床意义。
