Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 May;38(4):471-84. doi: 10.1007/s10802-010-9386-1.
The purpose of these studies was to examine the frequency and stability of relational and physical aggression and their associations with social-psychological adjustment or peer victimization, and how friendships are involved in the relations between forms of aggression and peer victimization in Japanese children. The sample consisted of 452 (Study 1) and 138 (Study 2) children who were in the fourth and fifth grades. Results of Study 1 demonstrated that relational aggression was uniquely and more strongly associated with internalizing adjustment problems than physical aggression. Moreover, Study 2 revealed that relational aggression and physical aggression were stable over a 6-month period and the stability of relational aggression was reinforced by negative friendships (i.e., high levels of exclusivity and friend victimization). Further, the association between relational aggression and relative increases in relational victimization was attenuated by positive friendships (i.e., high levels of intimacy, companionship, and friendship satisfaction). Interestingly, friendships were unrelated to physical aggression and its relation to physical victimization. The age and gender of the children in the two studies were also examined. Cultural and developmental processes involving forms of aggression, friendships, social-psychological adjustment, and peer victimization were discussed.
这些研究的目的是考察关系和身体攻击的频率和稳定性，以及它们与社会心理适应或同伴受害的关系，以及友谊如何参与日本儿童的攻击和同伴受害形式之间的关系。样本由 452 名（研究 1）和 138 名（研究 2）四五年级的儿童组成。研究 1 的结果表明，关系攻击与内化适应问题的关联性比身体攻击更强。此外，研究 2 表明，关系攻击和身体攻击在 6 个月内是稳定的，消极友谊（即排他性和朋友受害程度高）增强了关系攻击的稳定性。进一步的，关系攻击与关系受害程度相对增加之间的关联因积极的友谊（即亲密、陪伴和友谊满意度高）而减弱。有趣的是，友谊与身体攻击及其与身体受害的关系无关。还检查了两项研究中儿童的年龄和性别。讨论了涉及攻击形式、友谊、社会心理适应和同伴受害的文化和发展过程。
