Crick Nicki R, Ostrov Jamie M, Werner Nicole E
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2006 Apr;34(2):131-42. doi: 10.1007/s10802-005-9009-4. Epub 2006 Apr 26.
Although great strides have recently been made in our understanding of relational aggression and its consequences, one significant limitation has been the lack of prospective studies. The present research addressed this issue by identifying and assessing groups of relationally aggressive, physically aggressive, relationally plus physically aggressive (co-morbid), and nonaggressive children during their third grade year in elementary school and then reassessing them a year later, during fourth-grade (N = 224, 113 girls). Two aspects of social-psychological adjustment were assessed during both assessment periods including internalizing difficulties (i.e., withdrawal, depression/anxiety, and somatic complaints) and externalizing problems (i.e., aggressive behavior, delinquency). It was revealed that the strongest predictor of future social-psychological adjustment problems and increases in these problems from third to fourth was the combination of relational and physical aggression. Relational aggression also contributed unique information, relative to physical aggression, in the prediction of future maladjustment. Implications of these findings for future research and prevention efforts, particularly for aggressive girls, are discussed.
尽管最近我们在理解关系攻击行为及其后果方面取得了很大进展，但一个显著的局限性是缺乏前瞻性研究。本研究通过在小学三年级时识别和评估关系攻击型、身体攻击型、关系与身体攻击兼具（共病）以及非攻击型儿童群体，然后在一年后的四年级时对他们进行重新评估（N = 224，113名女孩）来解决这个问题。在两个评估阶段都对社会心理调适的两个方面进行了评估，包括内化困难（即退缩、抑郁/焦虑和躯体不适）和外化问题（即攻击行为、犯罪行为）。结果显示，未来社会心理调适问题以及从三年级到四年级这些问题增加的最强预测因素是关系攻击和身体攻击的结合。相对于身体攻击，关系攻击在预测未来适应不良方面也提供了独特的信息。讨论了这些发现对未来研究和预防工作的意义，特别是对攻击性女孩的意义。
