Regis University, School of Physical Therapy, Denver, CO 80221, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2010 Oct;41(6):787-95. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.01.005. Epub 2010 Jan 29.
Occupations that require prolonged periods of standing have been associated with increased reports of musculoskeletal disorders including low back pain. Previous work has utilized a prospective design of functionally inducing low back pain in previously asymptomatic individuals during a prolonged standing task. Increased trunk and gluteus medius muscle co-activation has been found in previously asymptomatic individuals who developed pain during standing compared with individuals who did not develop pain.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjective and biomechanical responses of known pain developers and non-pain developers (previously determined during level standing) when exposed to the same prolonged standing task protocol completed while standing on a +/-16 degrees sloped surface.
Overall low back pain scores were reduced by 59.4% for the pain development group, identified in level standing, when using the sloped surface. There was a marked decrease in the co-activation of the bilateral gluteus medius muscles in the known pain developers when standing on the sloped surface compared with level standing. However the non-pain developer group responded in the opposite direction by having an increase in the co-activation of these muscles, although they did not have a commensurate increase in low back pain. There were changes in both the postural and joint-loading variables examined. These changes were minimal and in most cases the sloped surface produced responses that bracketed the postures and loading magnitudes found in level standing depending on whether the participant was standing on the +16 degrees or -16 degrees surface.
The sloped surface resulted in decreased subjective low back pain during prolonged standing. There were also associated biomechanical changes resulting from using a sloped surface during prolonged standing. These positive findings were supported in an exit survey satisfaction rating with 87.5% indicating that they would use the sloped surface if they were in an occupational setting that required prolonged standing work.
需要长时间站立的职业与肌肉骨骼疾病（包括腰痛）的报告增加有关。以前的工作采用前瞻性设计，在长时间站立任务中对先前无症状的个体进行功能性诱发腰痛。与未出现疼痛的个体相比，在站立时出现疼痛的先前无症状个体的躯干和臀中肌协同激活增加。
本研究的目的是研究已知疼痛发展者和非疼痛发展者（在水平站立时预先确定）在暴露于相同的长时间站立任务协议时的主观和生物力学反应，该协议在站立于 +/-16 度倾斜表面上完成。
在使用倾斜表面时，在水平站立时确定的疼痛发展组的整体腰痛评分降低了 59.4%。与水平站立相比，在倾斜表面上，已知疼痛发展者的双侧臀中肌协同激活明显减少。然而，非疼痛发展者组的反应则相反，这些肌肉的协同激活增加，尽管他们的腰痛没有相应增加。所检查的姿势和关节负荷变量都发生了变化。这些变化很小，在大多数情况下，倾斜表面产生的姿势和负载幅度与水平站立时的幅度相似，具体取决于参与者站在+16 度还是-16 度表面上。
倾斜表面在长时间站立时导致腰痛主观评分降低。使用倾斜表面进行长时间站立也会导致相关的生物力学变化。这些积极的发现得到了退出调查满意度评分的支持，87.5%的参与者表示如果他们处于需要长时间站立工作的职业环境中，他们会使用倾斜表面。
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