Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, United States.
Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;125(3):436-45. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.12.004. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
Oxidative stress has been reported to play a critical role in the pathology of acute renal failure (ARF). An interaction between different reactive species and/or their sources have been the focus of extensive studies. The exact sources of reactive species generated in biological systems under different disease states are always elusive because they are also a part of physiological processes. Exaggerated involvement of different oxidation pathways including NAD(P)H oxidase has been proposed in different models of ARF. An interaction between oxygen species and nitrogen species has drawn extensive attention because of the deleterious effects of peroxynitrite and their possible effects on antioxidant systems. Recent advances in molecular biology have allowed us to understand glomerular function more precisely, especially the organization and importance of the slit diaphragm. Identification of slit diaphragm proteins came as a breakthrough and a possibility of therapeutic manipulation in ARF is encouraging. Transcriptional regulation of the expression of slit diaphragm protein is of particular importance because their presence is crucial in the maintenance of glomerular function. This review highlights the involvement of oxidative stress in ARF, sources of these reactive species, a possible interaction between different reactive species, and involvement of PPARgamma, a nuclear transcription factor in this process.
氧化应激被认为在急性肾衰竭（ARF）的发病机制中起着关键作用。不同活性物质及其来源之间的相互作用一直是广泛研究的焦点。在不同疾病状态下的生物系统中产生的活性物质的确切来源总是难以捉摸的，因为它们也是生理过程的一部分。在不同的 ARF 模型中，已经提出了包括 NAD（P）H 氧化酶在内的不同氧化途径的过度参与。由于过氧亚硝酸盐的有害影响及其对抗氧化系统的可能影响，氧物种和氮物种之间的相互作用引起了广泛关注。分子生物学的最新进展使我们能够更精确地了解肾小球功能，特别是裂隙隔膜的组织和重要性。裂隙隔膜蛋白的鉴定是一个突破，并且在 ARF 中进行治疗性操作的可能性令人鼓舞。裂隙隔膜蛋白表达的转录调控尤其重要，因为它们的存在对于维持肾小球功能至关重要。这篇综述强调了氧化应激在 ARF 中的作用、这些活性物质的来源、不同活性物质之间可能的相互作用以及核转录因子 PPARγ在这一过程中的参与。
