Krueger Joachim I, DiDonato Theresa E
Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010 May;134(1):85-93. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.12.010. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
Individuals' actions and their stated beliefs affect how others perceive them. In a prisoner's dilemma, a defector who expects others to cooperate is perceived as less moral than a defector who expects others to defect; a cooperator who expects others to defect is perceived as less competent than a cooperator who expects others to cooperate (Experiment 1). This pattern suggests that in a context of interdependence, a stated expectation that the behavior of others will resemble one's own may protect one's social reputation. When outcomes are not interdependent, expectations do not moderate the effects of behavior on reputation (Experiment 2). In such a context, inductive reasoning is sufficient to explain social projection. Both types of results are replicated in a modified N-person social dilemma (Experiment 3), further validating the inductive-reasoning hypothesis.
个体的行为及其所宣称的信念会影响他人对他们的看法。在囚徒困境中，预期他人会合作的背叛者被认为比预期他人会背叛的背叛者道德水平更低；预期他人会背叛的合作者被认为比预期他人会合作的合作者能力更差（实验1）。这种模式表明，在相互依存的情境中，宣称他人的行为会与自己相似的预期可能会保护一个人的社会声誉。当结果不存在相互依存关系时，预期不会调节行为对声誉的影响（实验2）。在这种情境下，归纳推理足以解释社会投射。这两种类型的结果在经过修改的N人社会困境中得到了重复验证（实验3），进一步证实了归纳推理假设。
