Barbeau E-J, Puel M, Pariente J
Université de Toulouse, CerCo, UPS,Toulouse, France.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2010 Aug-Sep;166(8-9):661-72. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2009.12.007. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
Patient H.M.'s recent death provides the opportunity to highlight the importance of his contribution to a better understanding of the anterograde amnesic syndrome. The thorough study of this patient over five decades largely contributed to shape the unitary model of declarative memory. This model holds that declarative memory is a single system that cannot be fractionated into subcomponents. As a system, it depends mainly on medial temporal lobes structures. The objective of this review is to present the main characteristics of different modular models that have been proposed as alternatives to the unitary model. It is also an opportunity to present different patients, who, although less famous than H.M., helped make signification contribution to the field of memory.
The characteristics of the five main modular models are presented, including the most recent one (the perceptual-mnemonic model). The differences as well as how these models converge are highlighted.
Different possibilities that could help reconcile unitary and modular approaches are considered.
Although modular models differ significantly in many aspects, all converge to the notion that memory for single items and semantic memory could be dissociated from memory for complex material and context-rich episodes. In addition, these models converge concerning the involvement of critical brain structures for these stages: Item and semantic memory, as well as familiarity, are thought to largely depend on anterior subhippocampal areas, while relational, context-rich memory and recollective experiences are thought to largely depend on the hippocampal formation.
患者H.M. 最近去世，这为强调他对更好地理解顺行性遗忘综合征所做贡献的重要性提供了契机。五十多年来对该患者的深入研究在很大程度上促成了陈述性记忆单一模型的形成。该模型认为，陈述性记忆是一个单一系统，无法细分为子成分。作为一个系统，它主要依赖于内侧颞叶结构。本综述的目的是介绍已被提出作为单一模型替代方案的不同模块化模型的主要特征。这也是介绍不同患者的机会，这些患者虽然不如H.M. 有名，但对记忆领域做出了重要贡献。
介绍了五个主要模块化模型的特征，包括最新的一个（感知记忆模型）。强调了这些模型之间的差异以及它们的趋同之处。
考虑了有助于调和单一方法和模块化方法的不同可能性。
尽管模块化模型在许多方面存在显著差异，但它们都趋向于这样一种观点，即对单个项目的记忆和语义记忆可能与对复杂材料和情境丰富事件的记忆相分离。此外，这些模型在这些阶段关键脑结构的参与方面也趋于一致：项目和语义记忆以及熟悉度在很大程度上被认为依赖于海马前下区域，而关系性、情境丰富的记忆和回忆体验在很大程度上被认为依赖于海马结构。
