Sappok T, Voss T, Millauer E, Schade C, Diefenbacher A
Behandlungszentrum für psychisch kranke Erwachsene mit geistiger Behinderung, Abteilung für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik , Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2010 Jul;81(7):827-36. doi: 10.1007/s00115-009-2917-8.
Every third person with intellectual disability suffers from additional mental health problems, among others phobic disorders. Yet we do not know whether psychotherapeutic methods that are effective in the normal population are applicable to people with intellectual disabilities.
We give a survey of the development and the present state of the art of psychotherapy, particularly with regard to phobic disorders in intellectual disability. Therapeutic recommendations described in the literature will be evaluated in a case study of one patient.
The confrontation with the phobic stimulus is the basis of behavior therapy for people with intellectual disability as well. However, with respect to the special needs of these people, some modifications need to be considered in the treatment strategy. In addition to some general rules like simple language or the use of visual materials, some techniques of intervention turned out to be particularly effective, e.g., graduated in vivo exposure, involving significant others, contingency management, and coping strategies.
Specific phobias in intellectual disability can be treated with behavior therapy as well. However, the special needs of these people need to be considered.
每三个智障人士中就有一人患有其他心理健康问题，其中包括恐惧症。然而，我们并不清楚在普通人群中有效的心理治疗方法是否适用于智障人士。
我们对心理治疗的发展及现状进行了综述，尤其关注智障人士的恐惧症。文献中描述的治疗建议将在一名患者的案例研究中进行评估。
面对恐惧刺激也是智障人士行为治疗的基础。然而，鉴于这些人的特殊需求，在治疗策略上需要考虑一些调整。除了一些通用规则，如使用简单语言或视觉材料外，一些干预技术被证明特别有效，例如，渐进性现场暴露、让重要他人参与、应急管理和应对策略。
智障人士的特定恐惧症也可以用行为疗法治疗。然而，需要考虑这些人的特殊需求。
