Department of Molecular Diagnostics, National Research Center GosNIIgenetika, Moscow, Russia.
Viral Immunol. 2010 Feb;23(1):3-15. doi: 10.1089/vim.2009.0071.
In addition to genetic factors, environmental triggers, including viruses and other pathogens, are thought to play a major role in the development of autoimmune disease. Recent findings have shown that viral-induced autoimmunity is likely to be genetically determined. In large-scale genetic analyses, an association of interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) gene variants encoding a viral RNA-sensing helicase with susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases was found. To date, the precise role of IFIH1 in pathogenic mechanisms of viral-induced autoimmunity has yet to be fully elucidated. However, recent reports suggest that IFIH1 may play a role in the etiology of type 1 diabetes. Rare IFIH1 alleles have been shown to be protective against diabetes, and their carriage correlates with lower production of this helicase and its functional disruption. In contrast, upregulation of IFIH1 expression by viruses is associated with more severe disease, and could exacerbate the autoimmune process in susceptible individuals.
除了遗传因素外，环境触发因素，包括病毒和其他病原体，被认为在自身免疫性疾病的发展中起主要作用。最近的研究结果表明，病毒诱导的自身免疫可能是由基因决定的。在大规模的遗传分析中，发现了干扰素诱导的解旋酶 C 域 1（IFIH1）基因变体与几种自身免疫性疾病易感性相关，该变体编码一种病毒 RNA 感应解旋酶。迄今为止，IFIH1 在病毒诱导的自身免疫发病机制中的确切作用尚未完全阐明。然而，最近的报告表明，IFIH1 可能在 1 型糖尿病的发病机制中发挥作用。罕见的 IFIH1 等位基因已被证明对糖尿病具有保护作用，其携带与该解旋酶的产量降低及其功能障碍相关。相比之下，病毒对 IFIH1 表达的上调与更严重的疾病相关，并可能使易感个体的自身免疫过程恶化。
